1 00:00:02,506 --> 00:00:07,015 Will there be a dramatic reveal rewrite biblical history? 2 00:00:07,431 --> 00:00:15,259 Find out as National Geographic reveals the lost gospel of the Bible's greatest villain. 3 00:00:19,758 --> 00:00:23,875 He is who he is handed over his friend. 4 00:00:24,199 --> 00:00:27,939 He is who he is led to the crucifixion. 5 00:00:32,704 --> 00:00:36,606 And he is the one who is damned for all time. 6 00:00:39,928 --> 00:00:43,557 He is one of the most hated people in history. 7 00:00:44,283 --> 00:00:49,140 The apostle who is betrayed Jesus Christ. 8 00:00:50,187 --> 00:00:55,585 It has been his name for centuries it means betrayal and fraud. 9 00:00:56,312 --> 00:01:00,215 Judas Iscariot. 10 00:01:01,418 --> 00:01:05,321 Now, hidden done two thousand years, 11 00:01:05,322 --> 00:01:10,209 the old gospel emerging from the sands of Egypt. 12 00:01:11,502 --> 00:01:14,665 It tells a different story. 13 00:01:14,666 --> 00:01:18,987 The one that can lead to a question of finding the deepest beliefs. 14 00:01:21,435 --> 00:01:24,840 This document describes the story of the betrayal of Christ... 15 00:01:24,841 --> 00:01:26,909 ...upside down. 16 00:01:26,910 --> 00:01:30,978 Here, the villain becomes the hero. 17 00:01:30,979 --> 00:01:36,727 And Jesus Christ arranges own execution. 18 00:01:40,078 --> 00:01:42,764 Now a team of experts starts the job to determine 19 00:01:42,765 --> 00:01:44,786 What is written in it. 20 00:01:45,892 --> 00:01:47,576 And is it really... 21 00:01:47,577 --> 00:01:49,231 ...or forgery. 22 00:01:50,104 --> 00:01:51,459 An impossible thing. 23 00:01:51,460 --> 00:01:53,064 Unbelievable. 24 00:01:53,065 --> 00:01:57,968 How could anyone wrote the gospel according to Judas? 25 00:01:57,969 --> 00:01:59,765 Discovered by accident, 26 00:01:59,766 --> 00:02:01,572 sold twice, 27 00:02:01,573 --> 00:02:04,088 and stolen once. 28 00:02:04,089 --> 00:02:06,713 It's a race against time yes its sides are preserved 29 00:02:06,714 --> 00:02:09,770 before that turn into dust. 30 00:02:11,640 --> 00:02:19,540 Is this an authentic document or an old heresy which should be left in the grave? 31 00:02:20,174 --> 00:02:23,353 It could be upsetting for many people. 32 00:02:23,354 --> 00:02:28,737 It could create a kind of crisis. Let's say a crisis of faith. 33 00:02:28,856 --> 00:02:38,113 I do not think that Jude contains the authentic historical tradition about Jesus and Judas. 34 00:02:39,847 --> 00:02:43,827 Now we are reading it for the first time. 35 00:02:44,370 --> 00:02:46,751 That's the Gospel... 36 00:02:46,752 --> 00:02:50,152 according to Judas. 37 00:02:53,111 --> 00:02:57,141 THE GOSPEL OF JUDAS 38 00:02:58,262 --> 00:03:03,023 There are many stories about I discovered the Gospel according to Judas. 39 00:03:03,024 --> 00:03:07,130 But the most likely one goes like this. 40 00:03:08,005 --> 00:03:11,509 Egypt, 1978. 41 00:03:11,996 --> 00:03:14,116 Near the banks of the Nile, 42 00:03:14,117 --> 00:03:15,110 farmer, 43 00:03:15,111 --> 00:03:17,670 probably in search of treasure, 44 00:03:17,671 --> 00:03:21,628 cautiously enters the large cave. 45 00:03:23,382 --> 00:03:28,734 In the old days, its sections were used for burying the dead. 46 00:03:30,497 --> 00:03:32,194 According to this version, 47 00:03:32,195 --> 00:03:34,733 farmer is looking for gold or jewelry - 48 00:03:34,734 --> 00:03:37,657 anything of value. 49 00:03:38,042 --> 00:03:39,092 Instead, 50 00:03:39,093 --> 00:03:40,703 between the bones 51 00:03:40,704 --> 00:03:44,718 he finds a stone box. 52 00:03:45,196 --> 00:03:46,271 Inside - 53 00:03:46,272 --> 00:03:49,782 an unexpected discovery, 54 00:03:49,985 --> 00:03:52,503 secret book in leather binding 55 00:03:52,504 --> 00:03:55,611 which is called the codex. 56 00:04:00,039 --> 00:04:03,319 The farmer cannot deciphers its old text, 57 00:04:03,320 --> 00:04:09,968 but he knows that old books achieve good price at the Cairo Antiquities Exchange. 58 00:04:11,172 --> 00:04:17,480 He has no idea that he is holding one of the of the greatest gains in biblical archaeology, 59 00:04:17,481 --> 00:04:20,287 document condemned as heresy 60 00:04:20,288 --> 00:04:23,501 some 1800 years ago. 61 00:04:23,502 --> 00:04:29,259 A document for which some might wanted him to remain buried forever. 62 00:04:32,189 --> 00:04:33,796 Twenty-two years later, 63 00:04:33,796 --> 00:04:36,800 New York, 2000. 64 00:04:37,100 --> 00:04:40,337 Antique dealer Frida Nasberger-�akos 65 00:04:40,338 --> 00:04:42,741 going to D�ej-Ef-Kay airport 66 00:04:42,742 --> 00:04:46,150 when he receives startling news. 67 00:04:46,151 --> 00:04:51,120 She took a risk and bought the same old one a codex from an Egyptian merchant. 68 00:04:51,121 --> 00:04:56,169 Then she took him to Yale university to review it. 69 00:04:57,366 --> 00:05:00,784 Now her expert announces the startling news. 70 00:05:00,785 --> 00:05:02,420 Hello! 71 00:05:02,520 --> 00:05:05,436 He had a very emotional voice 72 00:05:05,437 --> 00:05:09,162 and... he said, "Frida, this is... this is fantastic. 73 00:05:09,162 --> 00:05:13,818 This is... This is... very important document. 74 00:05:13,819 --> 00:05:17,702 And I think it is Gospel according to Judas. 75 00:05:19,026 --> 00:05:23,366 For Žakoska, it is a reward for years of searching. 76 00:05:23,855 --> 00:05:26,665 She became obsessed a mysterious codex 77 00:05:26,666 --> 00:05:30,633 without ever knowing what it contained. 78 00:05:31,057 --> 00:05:34,445 It's more than a mission, now that i think about it. 79 00:05:34,446 --> 00:05:40,366 I think I was chosen... from Judas... 80 00:05:40,801 --> 00:05:43,383 to rehabilitate him. 81 00:05:43,384 --> 00:05:47,731 I think the circumstances of the arrival of this manuscript with me 82 00:05:47,732 --> 00:05:50,131 were predetermined. 83 00:05:50,132 --> 00:05:54,173 Judas asked yes I will do something for him. 84 00:05:56,123 --> 00:05:59,535 Switzerland, 2002. 85 00:06:15,417 --> 00:06:18,647 World-renowned restaurateur documents Florans Darbr 86 00:06:18,648 --> 00:06:24,776 for the first time he opens the box which contains the Gospel according to Judas. 87 00:06:25,210 --> 00:06:26,749 I glanced at him. 88 00:06:26,850 --> 00:06:29,776 I had to open the box. 89 00:06:30,851 --> 00:06:32,578 I said: "Wow!" 90 00:06:32,579 --> 00:06:36,735 And I had to open i I close the box several times. 91 00:06:38,062 --> 00:06:42,949 You need thick nerves to do that touched certain objects. 92 00:06:44,113 --> 00:06:50,267 In thirty years of work, it never has saw the old document in such a bad condition. 93 00:06:51,518 --> 00:06:57,356 Its sensitive papyrus leaves were broken into hundreds of pieces. 94 00:06:59,840 --> 00:07:01,590 Whatever document you're working with, 95 00:07:01,591 --> 00:07:04,501 there is always a story. 96 00:07:06,498 --> 00:07:10,489 It is so old that it always you ask who wrote it. 97 00:07:10,490 --> 00:07:12,267 Where has he been? 98 00:07:12,268 --> 00:07:13,114 Who had it 99 00:07:13,115 --> 00:07:15,848 and who read it? 100 00:07:15,963 --> 00:07:19,690 In order to find the answer, Darbr will team up with Rodolfo Kaser, 101 00:07:19,691 --> 00:07:25,945 one of the world's leading translators of the ancient Egyptian language called Coptic, 102 00:07:25,946 --> 00:07:29,817 the language it is in document written. 103 00:07:31,350 --> 00:07:35,439 They will spend years joining the fragments, 104 00:07:35,440 --> 00:07:42,279 fragments that tell a story were condemned as heresy by the early church fathers. 105 00:07:43,572 --> 00:07:47,886 But even in this state, one line is highlighted. 106 00:07:47,887 --> 00:07:53,514 It's a catch - "Puangelion en Judas" - 107 00:07:53,515 --> 00:07:56,712 "Gospel according to Judas". 108 00:07:57,752 --> 00:08:00,207 An impossible thing. Unbelievable. 109 00:08:00,208 --> 00:08:04,961 How could anyone wrote the gospel according to Judas? 110 00:08:05,086 --> 00:08:08,301 Could it really be Is there a Gospel according to Judas? 111 00:08:08,302 --> 00:08:11,154 What if the biggest one story ever told 112 00:08:11,155 --> 00:08:17,328 was told through the eyes of one of the greatest villains in history? 113 00:08:18,845 --> 00:08:22,247 Next: Is Judas Iscariot was a villain... or a hero? 114 00:08:22,348 --> 00:08:26,384 The answer could lie in between thousands of fragments of old papyrus. 115 00:08:26,385 --> 00:08:29,402 While it's coming together piece by piece, 116 00:08:29,403 --> 00:08:33,030 Will he reveal the secrets? which will shock the world? 117 00:08:33,171 --> 00:08:38,356 In the continuation of "Gospel according to Judas" on the National Geography channel. 118 00:08:39,640 --> 00:08:43,859 Now we are coming back "Gospel according to Judas". 119 00:08:46,875 --> 00:08:49,927 Who was Judas Iscariot? 120 00:08:50,364 --> 00:08:55,595 The Bible tells us that he is the apostle who betrayed Jesus Christ. 121 00:08:55,596 --> 00:08:57,054 Without him 122 00:08:57,055 --> 00:09:01,308 Crucified perhaps would never happen. 123 00:09:01,320 --> 00:09:03,465 But for someone who is so infamous, 124 00:09:03,466 --> 00:09:06,628 we know few facts about him. 125 00:09:06,740 --> 00:09:09,936 He was one of the twelve Apostles. 126 00:09:09,937 --> 00:09:11,620 It could be yes came from Judea, 127 00:09:11,621 --> 00:09:15,090 not Galileo like Christ and others. 128 00:09:15,091 --> 00:09:18,023 But if the details his life unclear, 129 00:09:18,024 --> 00:09:22,114 there is no doubt about the his place in history. 130 00:09:22,115 --> 00:09:26,586 In Dante's Inferno, Judas is condemned to the lowest depths of Hell, 131 00:09:26,587 --> 00:09:31,945 where it is eaten first of all heads by lucifer himself. 132 00:09:32,710 --> 00:09:34,654 as far as reputation is concerned, 133 00:09:34,655 --> 00:09:37,451 such one is hard to shake. 134 00:09:37,452 --> 00:09:39,664 Generally today people consider Judas 135 00:09:39,665 --> 00:09:42,104 mainly for the traitor Jesus, 136 00:09:42,105 --> 00:09:44,511 someone who was a traitor Christian principle. 137 00:09:44,512 --> 00:09:47,915 They often think of him as Fr to someone who was greedy, �brutal, 138 00:09:47,916 --> 00:09:49,684 who was more interested in... 139 00:09:49,685 --> 00:09:54,513 for acquiring money than yes be faithful to your Lord. 140 00:09:54,617 --> 00:10:00,289 The word itself is hated, I think practically in the entire western world. 141 00:10:00,290 --> 00:10:02,656 You wouldn't even do that they didn't even name their dog. 142 00:10:02,657 --> 00:10:09,412 And in Germany, of course, illegally is to name your child Judah. 143 00:10:09,713 --> 00:10:12,750 Judas may have been treasurer of the Apostles, 144 00:10:12,751 --> 00:10:17,037 and some experts think he was Jesus' most trusted ally, 145 00:10:17,038 --> 00:10:21,295 for what is his treachery even more exposed to contempt. 146 00:10:21,396 --> 00:10:23,952 He is who he is handed over his friend. 147 00:10:23,953 --> 00:10:26,763 He is who he is led to the crucifixion. 148 00:10:26,764 --> 00:10:29,266 And he is the one who is damned for all time 149 00:10:29,267 --> 00:10:31,182 for that reason. 150 00:10:31,490 --> 00:10:36,235 Christ and all His Apostles were consistent Jews 151 00:10:36,450 --> 00:10:42,748 but over time Judas' dark deeds became an excuse to hate all Jews. 152 00:10:42,749 --> 00:10:48,208 It is traditional in Christian circles Judas was actually associated with the Jews, 153 00:10:48,209 --> 00:10:50,324 not only because of its name, 154 00:10:50,325 --> 00:10:54,025 but also because of these features which have become stereotypes 155 00:10:54,026 --> 00:10:59,114 for Jews in the Middle Ages that they are traitors, greedy, 156 00:10:59,115 --> 00:11:01,107 someone who, in fact, betrayed Jesus, 157 00:11:01,108 --> 00:11:03,568 that they are murderers of Christ. 158 00:11:03,569 --> 00:11:05,607 And this betrayal by Judas, of course, 159 00:11:05,608 --> 00:11:11,510 it also leads to heinous acts of anti-Semitism throughout the centuries. 160 00:11:11,543 --> 00:11:17,662 Judah's evil reputation is based on only eighteen sections in the Gospels. 161 00:11:17,784 --> 00:11:22,594 Well, Judas Iscariot is in New the covenant does not appear much 162 00:11:22,595 --> 00:11:25,498 and I think it's because of that It's a shame 163 00:11:25,499 --> 00:11:28,857 and the little that is said it is very bad about him, 164 00:11:28,858 --> 00:11:33,307 so it is displayed in an increasingly bad light 165 00:11:33,308 --> 00:11:36,516 like a thief who steals from the cash register, 166 00:11:36,517 --> 00:11:43,317 Even as a person who is under the influence of Satan. 167 00:11:47,788 --> 00:11:52,580 But what if there is another the story of Judas Iscariot, 168 00:11:52,714 --> 00:11:57,687 the one that reverses this one traditional header image? 169 00:11:57,688 --> 00:12:02,310 History records that it existed. 170 00:12:03,526 --> 00:12:10,075 Around 180 AD, Bishop Irenaeus, one of the most influential leaders of the early church, 171 00:12:10,076 --> 00:12:14,573 wrote a sharp criticism against one of the books that were in circulation. 172 00:12:14,574 --> 00:12:16,173 Her Name: 173 00:12:16,174 --> 00:12:19,003 Gospel according to Judas. 174 00:12:19,004 --> 00:12:22,556 This gospel was about relationship between Jesus and Judas 175 00:12:22,557 --> 00:12:26,373 and it indicated that Judah didn't actually betray Jesus, 176 00:12:26,374 --> 00:12:28,535 he already did what he did Jesus wanted from him 177 00:12:28,536 --> 00:12:34,843 because Judas was the one who really knew the truth as Jesus wanted it to be communicated. 178 00:12:35,405 --> 00:12:42,316 But this version of Judas' story was condemned by by Irenaeus and other early church leaders. 179 00:12:42,611 --> 00:12:44,443 Marking it as heresy, 180 00:12:44,444 --> 00:12:47,418 they did it successfully erased from history 181 00:12:47,419 --> 00:12:51,007 so never will not be seen again. 182 00:12:51,508 --> 00:12:54,044 Or are they? 183 00:12:55,450 --> 00:12:57,134 In a laboratory in Switzerland 184 00:12:57,135 --> 00:12:58,527 restorer Darbr 185 00:12:58,528 --> 00:13:01,190 and translator Kaser they try to figure it out 186 00:13:01,191 --> 00:13:06,617 Is this lost a copy of the Gospel according to Judas. 187 00:13:06,805 --> 00:13:10,744 But first they have to put one together of the most complex puzzles 188 00:13:10,745 --> 00:13:13,998 ever found in history. 189 00:13:15,600 --> 00:13:19,749 The Gospel was written on thirteen sheets of papyrus, 190 00:13:19,750 --> 00:13:21,837 and from the front and from the back. 191 00:13:21,838 --> 00:13:24,295 If the fragment fits on the one hand, 192 00:13:24,296 --> 00:13:27,962 it must also be fits with the other. 193 00:13:29,548 --> 00:13:32,616 If you take a typed document from nine to ten pages 194 00:13:32,617 --> 00:13:34,857 and tear it to pieces, 195 00:13:34,858 --> 00:13:37,135 discard half the pieces 196 00:13:37,136 --> 00:13:39,335 and you try to reconstruct the other half, 197 00:13:39,336 --> 00:13:43,178 you will see how it is this is a difficult procedure. 198 00:13:43,421 --> 00:13:47,292 To avoid touching himself document until they have to, 199 00:13:47,293 --> 00:13:50,777 they came up with an ingenious plan. 200 00:13:51,003 --> 00:13:55,394 First, with the help of photographs fragments and pages, 201 00:13:55,395 --> 00:13:58,287 Kaser is looking for a match. 202 00:13:58,438 --> 00:14:00,342 Then, working with photocopies, 203 00:14:00,343 --> 00:14:03,784 he cuts and pastes. 204 00:14:04,914 --> 00:14:07,117 Every time we are in possibilities to set a fragment, 205 00:14:07,118 --> 00:14:09,578 I brought his photocopy of Mrs. Darbr, 206 00:14:09,579 --> 00:14:13,721 which uses it to set fragment within the original. 207 00:14:13,921 --> 00:14:18,502 Then Mrs. Darbr questions was Kaser right. 208 00:14:22,799 --> 00:14:28,112 My job now is to check if this one the fragment can actually be placed there 209 00:14:28,113 --> 00:14:30,786 analyzing the quality of the papyrus, 210 00:14:30,787 --> 00:14:31,951 his color, 211 00:14:31,952 --> 00:14:33,216 its fibers 212 00:14:33,217 --> 00:14:36,987 and to see if there are similarities. 213 00:14:38,904 --> 00:14:43,956 We understand the meaning of the codex, a little little by little, thanks to these successes. 214 00:14:44,782 --> 00:14:46,079 sure, 215 00:14:46,080 --> 00:14:47,865 the more fragments added, 216 00:14:47,866 --> 00:14:49,389 the more we can read 217 00:14:49,390 --> 00:14:53,205 and most of the story is discovered. 218 00:14:53,344 --> 00:14:56,761 There are hundreds more fragments to set 219 00:14:56,762 --> 00:15:00,655 but what they discovered is but now dramatically. 220 00:15:00,824 --> 00:15:08,143 This text matches the document by was harshly criticized by Irenaeus some 1800 years ago. 221 00:15:08,144 --> 00:15:11,618 The proof is in one of the his most gruesome lines 222 00:15:11,619 --> 00:15:17,307 where Jesus gives Judas betrays his mission. 223 00:15:17,684 --> 00:15:21,090 You will be greater than all the others. 224 00:15:21,606 --> 00:15:22,765 Judas, 225 00:15:23,776 --> 00:15:26,035 you will sacrifice a man 226 00:15:26,616 --> 00:15:28,620 which covers me. 227 00:15:32,252 --> 00:15:33,973 It follows: The papyrus is authentic; 228 00:15:33,974 --> 00:15:35,564 the title is final, 229 00:15:35,565 --> 00:15:38,119 and the text fits. 230 00:15:38,323 --> 00:15:43,658 But the only way to be sure is to call a team of the best Bible detectives in the world. 231 00:15:43,659 --> 00:15:49,036 Will they be able to prove that it is Gospel according to Judas genuine or forgery? 232 00:15:49,619 --> 00:15:53,634 Only on the National Geography channel. 233 00:15:55,424 --> 00:15:59,300 And now we return to the "Gospel of Judas". 234 00:16:02,692 --> 00:16:09,020 A preliminary examination of the Gospels According to Jude, it reveals three facts. 235 00:16:09,545 --> 00:16:14,267 First, scientists confirmed that the papyrus on which the gospel is written 236 00:16:14,268 --> 00:16:18,558 looks identical to others ancient documents. 237 00:16:19,337 --> 00:16:26,087 Second, in the title, written on in Coptic, it says "Gospel according to Judas". 238 00:16:26,088 --> 00:16:28,894 And thirdly, what have seen so far 239 00:16:28,895 --> 00:16:34,730 agrees with the text that is Bishop Irenaeus condemned in 180 AD. 240 00:16:34,830 --> 00:16:40,990 These early conclusions must now to be supported by science. 241 00:16:42,317 --> 00:16:44,835 To prove that he is authentic old text, 242 00:16:44,836 --> 00:16:46,249 owner of the gospel, 243 00:16:46,250 --> 00:16:48,024 Mecena Foundation, 244 00:16:48,025 --> 00:16:53,502 with the support of the National Geography and Waitt Institute for Historical Discoveries, 245 00:16:53,503 --> 00:16:59,722 brings together a dream team of biblical detectives to join Professor Kaser. 246 00:16:59,768 --> 00:17:05,130 Doctor Steven Emel is a leading expert for old papyri and paleography, 247 00:17:05,131 --> 00:17:07,837 or old texts. 248 00:17:09,154 --> 00:17:12,281 Doctor Marvin Mayer is a Coptic expert 249 00:17:12,282 --> 00:17:17,594 and together with Kaser �e write the final translation. 250 00:17:17,847 --> 00:17:23,731 Doctor Timoti D�al is also a specialist for radiocarbon dating. 251 00:17:23,836 --> 00:17:26,150 Every expert will use your specialty 252 00:17:26,151 --> 00:17:28,075 to fill in a piece of the puzzle 253 00:17:28,076 --> 00:17:30,211 and answered the question, 254 00:17:30,212 --> 00:17:33,309 "Is it real?". 255 00:17:34,205 --> 00:17:38,831 They are quality forgeries destroyed many careers. 256 00:17:39,365 --> 00:17:42,747 Let's take for example the infamous "Hitler Diaries" 257 00:17:43,688 --> 00:17:45,650 or the ossuary of Jacob, 258 00:17:45,651 --> 00:17:49,519 burial casket for which it is said to belong to Jesus' brother, 259 00:17:49,520 --> 00:17:53,709 but now it is widely believed that it is a forgery. 260 00:17:53,886 --> 00:17:57,446 Reputations are at stake. 261 00:17:57,941 --> 00:17:59,329 Mmm, handwriting... 262 00:17:59,330 --> 00:18:03,122 Papyrus expert, Stephen Emel, the first to give an opinion. 263 00:18:03,123 --> 00:18:06,154 He has already spent hours examining the document 264 00:18:06,155 --> 00:18:09,474 and believes there is no chance that it is a modern forgery. 265 00:18:09,475 --> 00:18:16,281 No, I've gone through... hundreds of papyri, Coptic papyri in his career 266 00:18:16,282 --> 00:18:20,980 and this is absolutely typical for... for old Coptic manuscripts. 267 00:18:20,981 --> 00:18:23,266 No, I'm completely convinced. 268 00:18:23,267 --> 00:18:27,559 The number of people who could to create a text like this... 269 00:18:27,560 --> 00:18:28,378 is very small. 270 00:18:28,379 --> 00:18:29,375 How much would you say? 271 00:18:29,376 --> 00:18:31,292 Maybe... 272 00:18:31,293 --> 00:18:33,286 twenty five? 273 00:18:33,299 --> 00:18:34,939 Little. Not so much. - Not so much? 274 00:18:35,039 --> 00:18:37,107 I would say four or five. 275 00:18:37,108 --> 00:18:39,807 We are two of them. 276 00:18:40,966 --> 00:18:42,441 And who would create such a thing? 277 00:18:42,442 --> 00:18:45,539 Someone would have to know Coptic better than us. 278 00:18:45,540 --> 00:18:46,560 Is that right? 279 00:18:46,561 --> 00:18:51,606 And there is no one who knows Coptic better than us. I'm sorry. 280 00:18:51,706 --> 00:18:54,719 But the document is i still a complete secret. 281 00:18:54,720 --> 00:18:57,723 They don't even know how came to Egypt, 282 00:18:57,724 --> 00:19:00,011 where it was allegedly found, 283 00:19:00,012 --> 00:19:03,211 or when it was written. 284 00:19:03,728 --> 00:19:04,749 To find out, 285 00:19:04,750 --> 00:19:09,463 Coptic expert doctor Marvin Mayer goes to Egypt. 286 00:19:09,464 --> 00:19:14,068 Well, if we can know something about period and circumstances of creation 287 00:19:14,069 --> 00:19:16,193 or text translation, 288 00:19:16,194 --> 00:19:17,695 that will help us a lot 289 00:19:17,696 --> 00:19:23,310 to establish that this is in fact an authentic text from the Old World. 290 00:19:23,311 --> 00:19:27,424 Mayer thinks that the gospel is original written in Near Eastern Greek, 291 00:19:27,425 --> 00:19:32,200 and later brought to Christian community in Egypt. 292 00:19:32,889 --> 00:19:36,898 Since it was brought here, he thinks that it was translated into Coptic, 293 00:19:36,899 --> 00:19:42,484 a language that arose directly from of the ancient Egyptians from the time of the pharaohs. 294 00:19:42,485 --> 00:19:47,032 At the time when the Gospel according to Jude translated in Egypt, 295 00:19:47,033 --> 00:19:51,375 this area was a wonderful and wild place. 296 00:19:51,376 --> 00:19:53,674 It was a marketplace of ideas 297 00:19:53,675 --> 00:19:55,502 with different kinds of people 298 00:19:55,503 --> 00:19:56,895 with different approaches - 299 00:19:56,896 --> 00:20:01,138 Orthodox Christians who started that Gnostics and monks also appeared 300 00:20:01,139 --> 00:20:03,678 and all kinds of people were here together 301 00:20:03,679 --> 00:20:06,421 share your ideas, agree agree and disagree, 302 00:20:06,422 --> 00:20:08,792 and create their own books. 303 00:20:08,893 --> 00:20:14,945 One of those books was a codex which contains the Gospel according to Judas. 304 00:20:15,470 --> 00:20:17,691 Finding the cave where it was discovered 305 00:20:17,692 --> 00:20:21,342 would help to confirm its authenticity. 306 00:20:26,880 --> 00:20:30,145 So Mayer goes south along the Nile, 307 00:20:30,146 --> 00:20:34,837 to the area where the code is allegedly found. 308 00:20:38,072 --> 00:20:43,101 But finding the right one caves is unlikely. 309 00:20:44,023 --> 00:20:46,338 It would be helpful if Mayer would could talk to a man 310 00:20:46,339 --> 00:20:50,717 who bought the codex of the farmer who found it. 311 00:20:52,362 --> 00:20:55,192 Researchers are trying to find him. 312 00:20:55,193 --> 00:20:59,637 But that man didn't want to to be found. 313 00:21:03,703 --> 00:21:09,298 The search for him results �cross paths and slammed doors. 314 00:21:09,299 --> 00:21:16,198 That is why it is dangerous in Egypt a story about the trade in antiquities on the black market. 315 00:21:16,199 --> 00:21:18,908 People who do that might are arrested by the police 316 00:21:18,909 --> 00:21:23,879 or attacked by criminals groups involved in crying. 317 00:21:25,826 --> 00:21:27,328 Without witnesses, 318 00:21:27,329 --> 00:21:33,068 Mayer has to rely on the most likely story of how the codex was found. 319 00:21:33,069 --> 00:21:34,814 According to that version, 320 00:21:34,815 --> 00:21:41,231 it was found somewhere nearby village named Karara. 321 00:21:41,232 --> 00:21:44,041 But the area is huge. 322 00:21:46,995 --> 00:21:48,668 To help him to narrow the search, 323 00:21:48,669 --> 00:21:54,855 meets with an archaeologist from Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities. 324 00:21:55,055 --> 00:21:57,824 Officials lead Majera to the desert 325 00:21:57,825 --> 00:22:02,413 according to the group of caves of which they had only heard. 326 00:22:03,395 --> 00:22:05,121 After two hours in the sun, 327 00:22:05,122 --> 00:22:07,518 they reach a huge plateau 328 00:22:07,519 --> 00:22:10,434 hollowed out by caves. 329 00:22:15,495 --> 00:22:18,108 What is this here? It looks like it's some kind of... 330 00:22:18,109 --> 00:22:22,226 There seems to be someone here came to a great gain. 331 00:22:22,227 --> 00:22:23,615 What is this hole down here? 332 00:22:23,616 --> 00:22:25,746 Crying. 333 00:22:25,922 --> 00:22:28,004 The graves appear to have been dug, 334 00:22:28,105 --> 00:22:29,767 bones scattered. 335 00:22:29,768 --> 00:22:31,586 But that's not all. 336 00:22:31,587 --> 00:22:34,318 There are old Coptic artifacts everywhere 337 00:22:34,419 --> 00:22:37,910 who tell Majer that this could be a place. 338 00:22:37,911 --> 00:22:40,196 There was Coptic pottery throughout the site, 339 00:22:40,197 --> 00:22:42,591 something made of Coptic cloth which is found here. 340 00:22:42,592 --> 00:22:46,190 There was a brick that was used for some structure and floor covering. 341 00:22:46,191 --> 00:22:50,387 All this indicated that this was it was a place of certain importance, 342 00:22:50,388 --> 00:22:53,810 probably in Coptic times. 343 00:22:53,899 --> 00:22:58,714 Pottery parts found here date from the tenth century AD at the latest, 344 00:22:58,815 --> 00:23:02,338 but also the earliest from the third century. 345 00:23:02,339 --> 00:23:09,491 Experts think that the codex that it contains Gospel composed in the third or fourth century. 346 00:23:11,596 --> 00:23:16,344 Is this a cave in which did the farmer find the codex? 347 00:23:16,345 --> 00:23:18,160 No eyewitness reports 348 00:23:18,161 --> 00:23:23,414 we cannot be sure about the exact one the place where the Gospel according to Judas was found. 349 00:23:23,415 --> 00:23:27,389 But according to the story, found is in a cave in this area 350 00:23:27,390 --> 00:23:31,019 and it was found in a cave that is had Coptic characteristics, 351 00:23:31,020 --> 00:23:32,826 like this cave. 352 00:23:32,827 --> 00:23:36,421 So it was either this one a cave or a cave like it. 353 00:23:36,422 --> 00:23:43,240 It is certain that the Gospel according to Judas had to be found in a cave very similar to this one. 354 00:23:43,499 --> 00:23:46,217 It has the feeling of where it was found. 355 00:23:46,218 --> 00:23:52,058 But Mayer still has no proof to confirm its authenticity. 356 00:23:52,968 --> 00:23:59,714 There is another clue to follow takes him to the Coptic Museum in Cairo. 357 00:23:59,715 --> 00:24:02,616 When Mayer read parts from the Gospel according to Judas, 358 00:24:02,617 --> 00:24:08,977 they reminded him of texts from one of of the most dramatic discoveries in biblical archeology - 359 00:24:08,978 --> 00:24:14,257 an invention known as Nag Hammadi Library. 360 00:24:14,985 --> 00:24:18,142 In 1945, a shepherd discovered this library 361 00:24:18,143 --> 00:24:23,870 from more than thirty old texts in southern Egypt. 362 00:24:23,971 --> 00:24:27,038 That location is close to the place on which sources say yes 363 00:24:27,039 --> 00:24:30,906 is the Gospel according to Judas found. 364 00:24:30,907 --> 00:24:33,562 And that's not all they have in common. 365 00:24:33,563 --> 00:24:40,359 There are striking similarities between the Gospels of Judas and a number of texts from the Nag Hammadi library. 366 00:24:40,460 --> 00:24:46,080 These similarities include some names used in these texts, 367 00:24:46,081 --> 00:24:51,895 basic worldview which is contained in these texts. 368 00:24:53,184 --> 00:24:54,986 Everything seems to be coming together. 369 00:24:55,087 --> 00:24:59,352 Nag Hammadi Library and the Gospels according to Jude they seem to have been written 370 00:24:59,353 --> 00:25:05,474 at about the same time that they found in approximately the same place. 371 00:25:05,475 --> 00:25:08,911 And they are similar in their very words. 372 00:25:09,943 --> 00:25:13,419 For Majer, that is enough proof that the Gospel is according to Judas 373 00:25:13,420 --> 00:25:17,543 authentic old text. 374 00:25:18,956 --> 00:25:21,800 As for the codex which contains the gospel, 375 00:25:21,801 --> 00:25:25,279 its removal from the place where it is was hidden was only the beginning 376 00:25:25,280 --> 00:25:30,334 a strange, mysterious journey. 377 00:25:31,266 --> 00:25:35,238 It follows: The Gospel is bought, sold and stolen. 378 00:25:35,239 --> 00:25:41,644 Then it disappears, taking a lot with it another version of the betrayal of Christ. 379 00:25:41,645 --> 00:25:47,233 The Gospel according to Judas is converted by Judas The act of betrayal in the act of obedience. 380 00:25:47,234 --> 00:25:54,106 Sacrifice of the body of Jesus it actually becomes salvation. 381 00:25:54,390 --> 00:25:58,015 When the "Gospel according to Judas" he continued. 382 00:25:59,116 --> 00:26:04,684 Now we return to the "Gospel of Judi" on the National Geography channel. 383 00:26:06,488 --> 00:26:09,239 Cairo, 1980. 384 00:26:09,519 --> 00:26:13,225 The farmer who found the codex which contains the Gospel according to Judas 385 00:26:13,226 --> 00:26:17,279 he sold it in Egyptian the market of antiques. 386 00:26:17,467 --> 00:26:21,065 It is difficult to determine exactly What happened next. 387 00:26:21,066 --> 00:26:25,352 But likely version goes like this. 388 00:26:26,332 --> 00:26:27,755 The new owner of the document, 389 00:26:27,756 --> 00:26:29,195 Egyptian merchant, 390 00:26:29,196 --> 00:26:34,909 shows his collection of old art item to a potential buyer. 391 00:26:41,770 --> 00:26:43,706 It's nice. 392 00:26:44,395 --> 00:26:46,311 Are you familiar with these subjects? 393 00:26:46,755 --> 00:26:48,176 Yes, of course. 394 00:26:48,979 --> 00:26:51,633 I have things that are even more beautiful. 395 00:26:52,727 --> 00:26:54,713 I'll go get them for you. 396 00:27:00,591 --> 00:27:03,330 The customer seems to want everything, 397 00:27:03,331 --> 00:27:05,564 the whole collection of Egyptians, 398 00:27:05,565 --> 00:27:08,517 worth millions. 399 00:27:28,187 --> 00:27:30,664 And who is like that interested in my stuff? 400 00:27:31,446 --> 00:27:32,952 No one you've heard of. 401 00:27:32,953 --> 00:27:36,299 The woman claims to represent a customer with deep pockets. 402 00:27:36,300 --> 00:27:38,781 But she's lying. 403 00:27:38,782 --> 00:27:42,841 She actually maps space and collection 404 00:27:42,842 --> 00:27:45,969 and plans a robbery. 405 00:27:47,661 --> 00:27:49,434 Later that night, 406 00:27:49,435 --> 00:27:53,218 armed with complete inventory of Egyptian treasures, 407 00:27:53,219 --> 00:27:57,851 she returns yes pick up a few things. 408 00:28:00,657 --> 00:28:04,319 She takes the best of the collection. 409 00:28:04,386 --> 00:28:09,492 On her list - an old codex. 410 00:28:10,992 --> 00:28:15,281 Unbelievable, when he disappears in the land of antiquities, 411 00:28:15,282 --> 00:28:18,461 no one knows it's priceless, 412 00:28:18,462 --> 00:28:21,215 that the gospel is lost inside 413 00:28:21,216 --> 00:28:29,962 and the version of the betrayal of Christ which for almost 1800 years no one heard. 414 00:28:32,871 --> 00:28:38,154 Why would the early Christians at all wrote the Gospel according to Judas? 415 00:28:40,632 --> 00:28:44,764 Jerusalem, about 100. years new era 416 00:28:47,017 --> 00:28:49,307 In the century after the death of Christ, 417 00:28:49,308 --> 00:28:53,918 a city ruled by the Romans is a place strong religious turmoil. 418 00:28:53,919 --> 00:29:00,152 Judaism, Roman and Christian cults groups - everyone competes for followers. 419 00:29:00,153 --> 00:29:04,414 But one religion will soon to stand out from the crowd - 420 00:29:04,415 --> 00:29:07,326 Christianity. 421 00:29:07,552 --> 00:29:12,254 This period of early Christianity is not was what most people think. 422 00:29:12,255 --> 00:29:15,092 There was no Christian Bible. 423 00:29:15,093 --> 00:29:22,278 Instead, different versions of the story of Christ were passed from one Christian to another. 424 00:29:22,889 --> 00:29:26,439 At the end are the stories written in the Gospels, 425 00:29:26,440 --> 00:29:32,058 but not thirty to sixty years after the death of Christ. 426 00:29:32,059 --> 00:29:34,435 Even today, the majority the scientist believes that they are 427 00:29:34,436 --> 00:29:42,081 Mateja, Marko, Luka and Jovan died a long time ago before their Gospels were written. 428 00:29:42,082 --> 00:29:45,241 One of the interesting ones phenomenon from early Christianity 429 00:29:45,242 --> 00:29:48,364 is that there are four Gospels which entered the New Testament - 430 00:29:48,365 --> 00:29:51,463 according to Matthew, Mark, Luke and Jovan - all anonymous. 431 00:29:51,464 --> 00:29:54,118 Titles added by by later editors. 432 00:29:54,119 --> 00:29:59,293 They weren't there... written there by the authors themselves. 433 00:29:59,753 --> 00:30:05,627 And there is another surprising one a twist in the story of faith in the early centuries. 434 00:30:05,628 --> 00:30:08,488 It wasn't just four gospels. 435 00:30:08,489 --> 00:30:12,315 There were more than thirty of them. 436 00:30:12,515 --> 00:30:15,723 Gospel means "good news". 437 00:30:15,724 --> 00:30:17,783 So the question is: 438 00:30:18,277 --> 00:30:21,616 "Who is Jesus and what is she good news about Him?" 439 00:30:21,617 --> 00:30:26,200 A lot of people saw it that question in different ways. 440 00:30:26,201 --> 00:30:29,513 In the first two hundred years after the death of Christ 441 00:30:29,514 --> 00:30:31,388 there are literally dozens of different ones 442 00:30:31,389 --> 00:30:37,605 and sometimes conflicting versions His life and message circulated. 443 00:30:37,706 --> 00:30:41,806 One of them was Gospel according to Judas. 444 00:30:41,907 --> 00:30:44,893 This text, like many other texts recently discovered 445 00:30:44,894 --> 00:30:46,769 in Nag Hammadi, 446 00:30:46,770 --> 00:30:52,617 gives us a view of the forms of Christianity which we have never seen before. 447 00:30:52,718 --> 00:30:55,864 Many people thought that the only one the gospels that existed 448 00:30:55,865 --> 00:30:57,614 are the Gospels from the New Testament - 449 00:30:57,615 --> 00:30:59,737 Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. 450 00:30:59,738 --> 00:31:02,475 But, actually, there were much more than that. 451 00:31:02,476 --> 00:31:05,251 There could have been dozens, 452 00:31:05,252 --> 00:31:06,834 like the Gospel of truth, 453 00:31:06,835 --> 00:31:08,628 Gospel according to Mary Magdalene, 454 00:31:08,629 --> 00:31:09,775 Gospel according to Thomas, 455 00:31:09,776 --> 00:31:11,527 Gospel according to Judas, 456 00:31:11,528 --> 00:31:14,200 Gospel according to Philip, just to mention a few. 457 00:31:14,201 --> 00:31:19,309 There wasn't just one early one Christianity. There were many of them. 458 00:31:21,459 --> 00:31:23,895 Be it one faith or many, 459 00:31:23,896 --> 00:31:26,945 Christianity spread rapidly 460 00:31:27,046 --> 00:31:30,874 from Jerusalem to Asia Minor and Egypt, 461 00:31:30,875 --> 00:31:34,456 Rome and North Africa. 462 00:31:36,420 --> 00:31:38,453 There were still no churches. 463 00:31:38,454 --> 00:31:41,722 Instead, followers are met in private houses, 464 00:31:41,723 --> 00:31:48,163 where some heard the gospel named after to people that would surprise most believers today. 465 00:31:48,164 --> 00:31:51,927 Some used Filip, some used Therefore, some used the Gospel according to Mary, 466 00:31:51,928 --> 00:31:55,859 others used Matthew, Mark, Luke or John. 467 00:31:56,384 --> 00:31:59,866 Some of the early Christians are now called Gnostics 468 00:31:59,867 --> 00:32:04,202 or "people who know". 469 00:32:04,291 --> 00:32:07,015 Gnostics were mystics, that is to say, 470 00:32:07,016 --> 00:32:12,787 there were people who felt they could they have some kind of direct access to God. 471 00:32:12,788 --> 00:32:15,884 The word "gnostic" is coming from the Greek word "gnosis", 472 00:32:15,885 --> 00:32:17,347 What does "knowledge" mean. 473 00:32:17,348 --> 00:32:19,940 But this kind of knowledge not everyday knowledge. 474 00:32:19,941 --> 00:32:21,522 It is not learning from a book. 475 00:32:21,523 --> 00:32:23,379 It is an understanding; 476 00:32:23,380 --> 00:32:24,881 it's intuition. 477 00:32:24,882 --> 00:32:28,061 It's that ability to know something about yourself, 478 00:32:28,062 --> 00:32:31,252 to know you own the spark of the Divine within 479 00:32:31,253 --> 00:32:35,738 and to recognize that God is for whom you declare that the God who is outside, 480 00:32:35,739 --> 00:32:40,614 the same one as that spark of God that is in you. 481 00:32:40,615 --> 00:32:44,078 And many Gnostics were Christians. 482 00:32:44,499 --> 00:32:51,517 The Gnostics are the people who wrote most of it of texts known as the Nag Hammadi Library. 483 00:32:51,518 --> 00:32:54,513 Their stories about Christ are much more abstract 484 00:32:54,514 --> 00:32:58,465 and more philosophical than those from the New Testament. 485 00:32:58,500 --> 00:33:02,565 It's one of my favorites was the Gospel according to Thomas. 486 00:33:03,400 --> 00:33:06,672 The kingdom is within you, 487 00:33:07,863 --> 00:33:10,249 and it is beyond you. 488 00:33:11,810 --> 00:33:14,561 When you know yourself, 489 00:33:16,097 --> 00:33:18,436 then you will become famous, 490 00:33:19,592 --> 00:33:22,648 and you will realize that you are you 491 00:33:24,014 --> 00:33:27,254 who are sons of the living father. 492 00:33:28,087 --> 00:33:29,609 When some of us were on postgraduate studies, 493 00:33:29,610 --> 00:33:33,612 we first met those others Gospels like the Gospel of Thomas. 494 00:33:33,613 --> 00:33:36,002 We were told: "Well, she are gnostics, they are heretics. 495 00:33:36,003 --> 00:33:38,100 They are strange." 496 00:33:38,101 --> 00:33:43,750 We are told that "gnostics" means... you know as "people who are practically wrong". 497 00:33:43,751 --> 00:33:49,045 And... it's about like when the 1940s and In the 1950s, in this country, they talked about communists. 498 00:33:49,046 --> 00:33:50,354 And that is the way to reject them. 499 00:33:50,355 --> 00:33:52,392 So "gnostic" is term like that. 500 00:33:52,493 --> 00:33:54,412 They didn't call themselves that. 501 00:33:54,413 --> 00:33:57,177 They were called Christians. 502 00:33:57,178 --> 00:34:01,181 The early church fathers fought against the Gnostics. 503 00:34:01,451 --> 00:34:06,390 One of the difficulties that the Gnostics posed to the people in the orthodox church that was being created 504 00:34:06,391 --> 00:34:09,925 is the fact that the Gnostics no advice was needed 505 00:34:09,926 --> 00:34:14,460 and the control and insight that came from priests and bishops. 506 00:34:14,461 --> 00:34:17,338 They had that understanding within themselves 507 00:34:17,339 --> 00:34:20,528 and that bothered the church leaders. 508 00:34:20,529 --> 00:34:24,566 That's not all that was irritating church leaders. 509 00:34:24,781 --> 00:34:31,072 The Gnostics also preached that it was the body is a prison for the divine spirit within. 510 00:34:31,073 --> 00:34:35,712 For them is the death of Jesus was a good thing. 511 00:34:35,864 --> 00:34:42,500 In fact, this is one reason, according to experts, because who the Gospel according to Judas was written by the Gnostics. 512 00:34:42,501 --> 00:34:48,000 The Gospel according to Judas is converted by Judas The act of betrayal in the act of obedience. 513 00:34:48,001 --> 00:34:53,464 sacrifice of the body of Jesus, in fact, it becomes salvation. 514 00:34:53,465 --> 00:34:57,094 And so, for that reason, Judas emerges as the winner 515 00:34:57,095 --> 00:35:04,577 and in the end they even envy him cursed and despised by the other students. 516 00:35:04,752 --> 00:35:10,229 Judas was not the only biblical figure which the Gnostics saw differently. 517 00:35:10,947 --> 00:35:14,729 The Gnostics were convinced that is the serpent in the Garden of Eden 518 00:35:14,830 --> 00:35:16,185 was a good figure. 519 00:35:16,186 --> 00:35:21,326 In fact, the Gnostics turned the story around about the upside-down Garden of Eden. 520 00:35:21,327 --> 00:35:24,030 Because the snake was very attractive figure. 521 00:35:24,031 --> 00:35:27,391 Finally, the serpent said to Eve: 522 00:35:27,392 --> 00:35:32,704 Take some fruit from the Tree knowledge of good and evil. 523 00:35:32,705 --> 00:35:36,143 And to the Gnostics it is it sounded like a wonderful invitation. 524 00:35:36,244 --> 00:35:40,296 Wouldn't you like to take a bite of the apple of knowledge 525 00:35:40,397 --> 00:35:44,346 and that you have all the juice knowledge in your being? 526 00:35:44,585 --> 00:35:49,632 But such ideas were simply superfluous surprising for the leaders of the early church. 527 00:35:49,633 --> 00:35:52,766 They rejected approx thirty gnostic texts, 528 00:35:52,767 --> 00:35:55,063 including the Gospel of Judas 529 00:35:55,064 --> 00:35:59,332 and left them out of the New Testament. 530 00:35:59,474 --> 00:36:05,289 How the church leaders decided What to keep and what to discard? 531 00:36:06,415 --> 00:36:09,147 The process was ongoing for hundreds of years. 532 00:36:09,148 --> 00:36:13,094 But it got a critical boost 180 AD 533 00:36:13,095 --> 00:36:17,588 and he was born in blood. 534 00:36:20,283 --> 00:36:25,690 Next: The Gospel according to Judas again appears with a price tag of three million dollars. 535 00:36:25,691 --> 00:36:30,505 But since there were no customers, the old text was hidden for more than fifteen years 536 00:36:30,506 --> 00:36:33,098 and almost destroyed. 537 00:36:33,099 --> 00:36:37,650 We will continue with the "Gospel by Judi" on the National Geography channel. 538 00:36:38,894 --> 00:36:44,017 And now we return to the "Gospel of Judi" on the National Geography channel. 539 00:36:46,060 --> 00:36:49,157 Switzerland, 1983. 540 00:36:49,158 --> 00:36:51,920 Unbelievable, since was stolen from him, 541 00:36:51,921 --> 00:36:57,483 an Egyptian merchant recovered the codex which contains the Gospel according to Judas. 542 00:36:57,484 --> 00:37:03,062 In 1983, he again appeared with him in Geneva. 543 00:37:03,195 --> 00:37:05,605 Now he called three scientists, 544 00:37:05,606 --> 00:37:07,769 each of whom was with American University, 545 00:37:07,770 --> 00:37:12,247 to make an offer for the codex and other old documents. 546 00:37:12,348 --> 00:37:14,918 One of them is Steven Emmel, 547 00:37:14,919 --> 00:37:21,288 the same expert who will help a couple of decades later to determine the authenticity of the Gospel manuscript. 548 00:37:21,488 --> 00:37:26,054 In May 1983, I was asked to travel to Geneva 549 00:37:26,055 --> 00:37:32,558 to look at the Coptic manuscript which is... America the university library was interested in buying. 550 00:37:32,921 --> 00:37:36,626 A collection of papyri which is was offered for sale 551 00:37:36,627 --> 00:37:39,541 consisted of three different manuscripts - 552 00:37:39,542 --> 00:37:41,908 two in Greek i one in Coptic. 553 00:37:41,909 --> 00:37:45,735 I don't think the Egyptian had any what idea of what he has, 554 00:37:45,736 --> 00:37:48,613 except that they were old papyrus books. 555 00:37:48,614 --> 00:37:51,053 And that's the kind of thing which can be seen in museums 556 00:37:51,054 --> 00:37:53,725 and is therefore valuable. 557 00:37:55,185 --> 00:37:58,359 We were told that we didn't allowed to take photos. 558 00:37:58,360 --> 00:38:01,309 We are not allowed to we make any notes. 559 00:38:01,409 --> 00:38:07,194 My impression was that the Egyptian was expecting from us to simply open the boxes, 560 00:38:07,195 --> 00:38:09,690 let's see that "yes, indeed there are papyri there," 561 00:38:09,691 --> 00:38:15,151 to close them and give him any amount money, he wanted us to take them with us. 562 00:38:15,351 --> 00:38:20,481 I assumed it was these manuscripts taken illegally from Egypt. 563 00:38:20,482 --> 00:38:24,710 I didn't have a specific one knowledge about 564 00:38:24,711 --> 00:38:27,661 so in a way it was... 565 00:38:27,662 --> 00:38:31,920 secret and illegal meeting. 566 00:38:31,993 --> 00:38:36,877 Emel immediately sees that it is that priceless codex. 567 00:38:37,055 --> 00:38:41,244 What I saw was amazing part of a papyrus codex, 568 00:38:41,245 --> 00:38:44,005 very similar to codices from Nag Hammadi, 569 00:38:44,006 --> 00:38:46,294 in relatively good condition condition, I would say. 570 00:38:46,295 --> 00:38:51,452 It was written in very nice literary Coptic script, easy to read. 571 00:38:51,453 --> 00:38:59,512 I was scrolling and accidentally saw the dialogue between Jesus and His Disciples. 572 00:38:59,612 --> 00:39:02,167 And especially the name Judah 573 00:39:02,168 --> 00:39:03,538 appeared again and again. 574 00:39:03,539 --> 00:39:05,653 "Judas said... xxx" 575 00:39:05,654 --> 00:39:08,564 "The Lord said... blah, blah, blah". 576 00:39:08,792 --> 00:39:11,971 Because what he can do just a quick overview, 577 00:39:11,972 --> 00:39:17,091 Emel doesn't know how to look in the Gospel according to Judas. 578 00:39:18,253 --> 00:39:21,629 Negotiations do not go far. 579 00:39:21,815 --> 00:39:26,772 Together, scientists have only one hundred thousand dollars to give. 580 00:39:26,773 --> 00:39:30,241 And the asking price worked out that it is three million dollars. 581 00:39:30,242 --> 00:39:36,691 So a drastically larger sum than the one that we were somehow able to gather together. 582 00:39:37,027 --> 00:39:40,098 I think he is Egyptian was terribly disappointed. 583 00:39:40,099 --> 00:39:45,151 I think he thought we were lying when we said that we don't have that amount of money. 584 00:39:46,529 --> 00:39:49,003 But to show that there is no anger, 585 00:39:49,004 --> 00:39:53,094 An Egyptian takes scientists to lunch. 586 00:39:53,862 --> 00:39:56,750 I apologized and went to the toilet at a certain moment 587 00:39:56,751 --> 00:39:59,348 and took that opportunity to I take out a paper and a pencil 588 00:39:59,349 --> 00:40:01,274 and simple I write it down from memory 589 00:40:01,275 --> 00:40:04,157 all that I am aware of tried to remember 590 00:40:04,158 --> 00:40:07,922 in relation to the characteristics two Coptic manuscripts. 591 00:40:09,789 --> 00:40:12,184 Just a moment! 592 00:40:12,977 --> 00:40:18,875 In Emel's report, he gives a hard time a warning regarding the future of the codex. 593 00:40:19,058 --> 00:40:22,669 There is a great danger of further deterioration of the condition of the manuscript 594 00:40:22,670 --> 00:40:25,868 as long as it is in the hands its current owner. 595 00:40:25,869 --> 00:40:28,792 This unique item must, as quickly as possible, put 596 00:40:28,793 --> 00:40:31,357 into the hands of a library or museum 597 00:40:31,358 --> 00:40:35,671 where it can be renewed, issued and preserved. 598 00:40:35,871 --> 00:40:38,340 That didn't happen. 599 00:40:38,540 --> 00:40:39,747 For the codex, 600 00:40:39,748 --> 00:40:44,939 the inability of the Egyptian to the sale is almost a fatal blow. 601 00:40:45,092 --> 00:40:47,620 He carries the code further to the United States, 602 00:40:47,621 --> 00:40:53,381 where he tries and fails to do it sold to a collector in New York. 603 00:40:54,766 --> 00:40:59,595 Frustrated, he puts on the old one a book in a bank safe. 604 00:41:04,149 --> 00:41:08,236 Amazingly, the codex will He has been lying down for almost sixteen years 605 00:41:08,237 --> 00:41:12,573 in a safe deposit box in Hicksville in the state of New York, 606 00:41:12,574 --> 00:41:14,514 meet, 607 00:41:14,515 --> 00:41:16,178 decaying, 608 00:41:16,179 --> 00:41:18,982 turning into dust. 609 00:41:20,142 --> 00:41:22,841 Next: Arrested, tortured, massacred. 610 00:41:22,842 --> 00:41:28,189 The Christians became victims of the Romans, but they kept to their faith. 611 00:41:28,190 --> 00:41:32,915 And the influential bishop leads the war against the heretical gospel. 612 00:41:32,916 --> 00:41:36,673 How can the gospel and Judas be put together under the same heading - 613 00:41:36,674 --> 00:41:37,970 Gospel according to Judas. 614 00:41:37,971 --> 00:41:39,503 That stunned him. 615 00:41:42,051 --> 00:41:46,261 More secrets are revealed in continuation of the "Gospel of Judas". 616 00:41:47,469 --> 00:41:52,460 Channel of National Geography continues with the "Gospel of Judas". 617 00:41:53,797 --> 00:41:59,094 Amazing discovery of an ancient text titled as the Gospel according to Judas 618 00:41:59,095 --> 00:42:04,229 presents a stunning new the play about the betrayer of Jesus Christ. 619 00:42:04,677 --> 00:42:10,150 But as soon as it is discovered, it disappears into within the framework of the black market of antiquities. 620 00:42:11,680 --> 00:42:15,860 Today in Switzerland, the team from the dreams of biblical detectives 621 00:42:15,861 --> 00:42:21,262 tries to determine if it is Gospel according to Judas real or fake, 622 00:42:21,362 --> 00:42:26,964 while conservators and translators They rush to unravel its secrets. 623 00:42:27,181 --> 00:42:29,538 Those secrets were so powerful 624 00:42:29,539 --> 00:42:34,715 that the early church fathers marked the gospel as heresy. 625 00:42:34,716 --> 00:42:36,919 But why? 626 00:42:39,994 --> 00:42:43,635 Lyon, 180 AD. 627 00:42:44,202 --> 00:42:46,779 An influential bishop named Irenaeus 628 00:42:46,780 --> 00:42:49,945 It will help to clarify the Christian message 629 00:42:49,946 --> 00:42:54,125 rejecting most of the gospel. 630 00:42:55,139 --> 00:43:01,485 At that time there were more than thirty different ones the gospel that circulates in Christian communities. 631 00:43:01,486 --> 00:43:04,539 Irinej claims that it should to be only four: 632 00:43:04,540 --> 00:43:05,446 According to Matthew, 633 00:43:05,447 --> 00:43:06,262 Mark, 634 00:43:06,263 --> 00:43:06,859 Luke 635 00:43:06,860 --> 00:43:09,183 and Jovan. 636 00:43:09,916 --> 00:43:13,229 There are only four Gospel and only four. 637 00:43:13,230 --> 00:43:15,728 Four like directions on a compass. 638 00:43:15,729 --> 00:43:18,983 four like the main ones wind directions. 639 00:43:18,984 --> 00:43:21,391 A church that has been expanded all over the world, 640 00:43:21,392 --> 00:43:24,989 there are four pillars in the Gospels. 641 00:43:24,990 --> 00:43:28,229 Christ is at their center. 642 00:43:28,230 --> 00:43:31,674 His argument does not sense to most people today. 643 00:43:31,677 --> 00:43:34,549 Irenaeus believed that, since there are four sides of the world 644 00:43:34,550 --> 00:43:35,519 and the four winds of heaven, 645 00:43:35,520 --> 00:43:37,023 they must exist four Gospels. 646 00:43:37,024 --> 00:43:39,809 And they were Matthew, Mark, Luke and John. 647 00:43:39,910 --> 00:43:44,001 Irineja worries about more than four winds. 648 00:43:44,049 --> 00:43:46,615 Christianity is not a legal religion 649 00:43:46,616 --> 00:43:50,663 and believers pay their lives. 650 00:43:50,664 --> 00:43:52,750 The Romans killed the Christians 651 00:43:52,751 --> 00:43:57,152 because they refused to sacrifice animals to the Roman gods. 652 00:43:57,376 --> 00:43:59,523 Irenaeus is fighting 653 00:43:59,524 --> 00:44:01,504 for survival against the Romans, 654 00:44:01,505 --> 00:44:03,607 who persecuted strongly 655 00:44:03,608 --> 00:44:04,557 Christian church 656 00:44:04,558 --> 00:44:08,176 and there were cases where they were some Christians arrested and tortured, 657 00:44:08,177 --> 00:44:11,356 cases where it is there were real massacres. 658 00:44:14,800 --> 00:44:20,361 Among his duties, Roman the governors also had to entertain the people. 659 00:44:22,765 --> 00:44:25,905 Killing Christians on astonishingly brutal ways 660 00:44:25,906 --> 00:44:30,449 was cheaper than renting gladiators to fight. 661 00:44:30,723 --> 00:44:34,096 It was in Irinej's hometown is public revolts against Christians 662 00:44:34,097 --> 00:44:37,391 and many were arrested, accused of being Christians. 663 00:44:37,392 --> 00:44:39,631 And many are admitted that they were. 664 00:44:39,632 --> 00:44:43,092 And they were brought to public arena for the holiday 665 00:44:43,093 --> 00:44:47,209 and spectacularly killed in order to the masses had fun. 666 00:44:47,537 --> 00:44:50,623 In the Lyon massacre of 177 667 00:44:50,624 --> 00:44:55,075 The Romans killed up to a hundred Christians. 668 00:44:55,443 --> 00:44:59,380 Some stayed his faith to the end. 669 00:44:59,381 --> 00:45:02,559 She was among them a slave named Blandina, 670 00:45:02,560 --> 00:45:07,540 which, they say, is incredible tortured all day in the arena 671 00:45:07,541 --> 00:45:10,651 despite that, she kept it his testimony to Christ 672 00:45:10,652 --> 00:45:14,774 in a way that stunned all who saw her. 673 00:45:15,056 --> 00:45:19,462 Something diabolical is happening called the iron chair. 674 00:45:19,463 --> 00:45:21,676 Piling coal under the chair, 675 00:45:21,677 --> 00:45:24,932 The Romans would make it a hot spring. 676 00:45:25,408 --> 00:45:28,921 Then they pushed in the victims. 677 00:45:50,451 --> 00:45:52,456 Silence! 678 00:45:59,457 --> 00:46:02,479 Will Blandina make a sacrifice? 679 00:46:03,633 --> 00:46:05,345 I am a Christian 680 00:46:05,693 --> 00:46:07,602 and we have done no evil. 681 00:46:08,061 --> 00:46:12,002 Very good. But if he wants to die, 682 00:46:12,596 --> 00:46:15,269 why is he destroying his son with that? 683 00:46:17,707 --> 00:46:21,410 My son will live forever. 684 00:46:54,642 --> 00:46:58,310 Torture and killing about a hundred Christians in Lyon 685 00:46:58,311 --> 00:47:00,749 would greatly influence Irenaeus. 686 00:47:00,750 --> 00:47:02,280 That would tell him 687 00:47:02,281 --> 00:47:04,127 that if he wants to die for the faith, 688 00:47:04,128 --> 00:47:06,139 it would be better if understand what that faith is. 689 00:47:06,140 --> 00:47:09,446 If he wants to be thrown into prison, if he wants to be tortured 690 00:47:09,447 --> 00:47:12,461 or thrown into the arena and torn apart by animals, 691 00:47:12,462 --> 00:47:14,513 it would be better if know why that is. 692 00:47:14,514 --> 00:47:15,589 And so... 693 00:47:15,590 --> 00:47:17,704 What... then what are the Gospels? 694 00:47:17,705 --> 00:47:21,502 Is it... is it just these three or Four or five, or is it a whole bunch? 695 00:47:21,503 --> 00:47:23,675 And this is how it must be determined: 696 00:47:23,676 --> 00:47:28,698 What is holy faith? which are we dying for? 697 00:47:29,018 --> 00:47:31,607 To help yes holy faith is found, 698 00:47:31,608 --> 00:47:37,457 Irenaeus chose four More than thirty Gospels. 699 00:47:37,458 --> 00:47:41,941 Experts do not agree on that how this choice was made. 700 00:47:42,005 --> 00:47:46,318 The average Christian said, "I want to "I hear Mark" or "I want to hear Matej". 701 00:47:46,390 --> 00:47:51,964 But they didn't say very many of them: "I want to hear Thomas or Judas". 702 00:47:52,030 --> 00:47:54,079 That's what was happening. 703 00:47:54,080 --> 00:47:55,681 Those four were chosen 704 00:47:55,682 --> 00:47:59,618 because they resonated in Christian communities. 705 00:47:59,619 --> 00:48:02,154 They resonated with believers. 706 00:48:02,255 --> 00:48:04,832 These are the true words of Jesus, 707 00:48:04,932 --> 00:48:11,730 and not those other words you find at Thomas or Jude or in some of those other writings. 708 00:48:12,772 --> 00:48:15,440 It's hard to say how these are texts actually chosen. 709 00:48:15,441 --> 00:48:18,618 Some people think they are just elected by the bishop, 710 00:48:18,619 --> 00:48:20,621 and others think it is it was kind of... 711 00:48:20,622 --> 00:48:25,373 ...kind of a bottom-up process in that which books people tended to read. 712 00:48:25,474 --> 00:48:27,281 Probably there are also one and the other 713 00:48:27,282 --> 00:48:32,514 because the Gospels from the New Testament are much easier for reading than most of these secret gospels. 714 00:48:32,515 --> 00:48:35,603 They tell narrative stories; they talk about the baptism of Jesus 715 00:48:35,604 --> 00:48:39,169 and His birth and His life and His crucifixion, His death. 716 00:48:39,469 --> 00:48:43,479 But Irenaeus is not alone he chose what he would study. 717 00:48:43,480 --> 00:48:46,848 He attacked the competition. 718 00:48:46,849 --> 00:48:48,699 One of his they were the target 719 00:48:48,700 --> 00:48:53,270 authors of the Gospel according to Judas. 720 00:48:53,447 --> 00:48:55,618 They declare that 'Judas is a traitor', 721 00:48:55,619 --> 00:48:59,024 alone, they know the truth what others are not, 722 00:48:59,025 --> 00:49:02,259 fulfilled the secret of betrayal. 723 00:49:02,260 --> 00:49:05,112 They create a fictional one story of this kind 724 00:49:05,113 --> 00:49:10,312 which they call the "Gospel of Judas". 725 00:49:10,342 --> 00:49:14,787 It seems that what was particularly bothersome For Irenaeus in connection with the Gospel according to Judas, it is yes 726 00:49:14,788 --> 00:49:18,470 there was the gospel written on behalf of a person 727 00:49:18,471 --> 00:49:21,497 who was a notorious betrayer of Jesus. 728 00:49:21,498 --> 00:49:25,553 And how could the "gospel" and Judas be put together in the title: 729 00:49:25,554 --> 00:49:26,841 "Gospel of Judas"? 730 00:49:26,842 --> 00:49:30,410 That stunned him. 731 00:49:30,590 --> 00:49:32,765 It is not a duty to is someone like Irenaeus 732 00:49:32,766 --> 00:49:37,307 rejected the Gospel according to Judas and declared it a heretical gospel. 733 00:49:37,308 --> 00:49:39,818 Here is Judas in this one the gospel is a good guy, 734 00:49:39,819 --> 00:49:41,759 one that is real understood Jesus 735 00:49:41,860 --> 00:49:45,456 the only Student who understood Jesus. 736 00:49:47,173 --> 00:49:53,227 It was an outrageous idea that was suppressed for 1800 years 737 00:49:53,228 --> 00:49:57,101 and almost disappeared forever. 738 00:50:00,642 --> 00:50:02,539 Next: But she's not gone forever 739 00:50:02,540 --> 00:50:06,391 and now she is faced with a challenge much more difficult than time. 740 00:50:06,742 --> 00:50:09,610 Maybe it's real but how old is it? 741 00:50:09,611 --> 00:50:13,130 Experts resort to something unthinkable to reach an agreement. 742 00:50:13,131 --> 00:50:18,070 I will have to burn the Gospel according to Judas so I could determine his age. 743 00:50:19,493 --> 00:50:23,702 Carbon dating The Gospel according to Judas below. 744 00:50:24,743 --> 00:50:30,511 You are watching "The Gospel of Judas" on to the National Geography channel. 745 00:50:32,618 --> 00:50:36,563 Hicksville, New York, 1999. 746 00:50:38,705 --> 00:50:41,699 Sixteen years in the safe 747 00:50:41,700 --> 00:50:46,631 almost did what it did the early church fathers could not - 748 00:50:47,798 --> 00:50:52,387 complete destruction of the Gospel according to Judas. 749 00:50:55,215 --> 00:50:56,710 I heard about him 750 00:50:56,711 --> 00:50:58,719 rumours. 751 00:50:59,466 --> 00:51:04,955 He is finally a merchant with antiquities, Frida �akos, went on the trail. 752 00:51:05,008 --> 00:51:09,017 She knew about the codex since the late 1970s. 753 00:51:09,018 --> 00:51:11,104 She didn't know what it contained, 754 00:51:11,105 --> 00:51:15,128 but she had a secret the need to find him. 755 00:51:15,191 --> 00:51:17,328 I was wondering what happened to him 756 00:51:17,329 --> 00:51:19,192 because it didn't show up. 757 00:51:19,193 --> 00:51:20,418 Nobody talked about him. 758 00:51:20,419 --> 00:51:23,599 So I thought: "Maybe it's somewhere; 759 00:51:23,600 --> 00:51:27,817 maybe i will try to I see if it still exists". 760 00:51:27,818 --> 00:51:29,939 And there was. 761 00:51:30,163 --> 00:51:32,240 She got into a relationship with an Egyptian owner 762 00:51:32,241 --> 00:51:35,925 who agreed to give her showed the text in New York. 763 00:51:37,618 --> 00:51:40,748 Twenty years later heard about him for the first time, 764 00:51:40,749 --> 00:51:44,682 As long as it was necessary to see the code. 765 00:51:45,428 --> 00:51:47,783 All the edges were very fragile, 766 00:51:47,784 --> 00:51:50,275 lots of powdery parts... 767 00:51:50,276 --> 00:51:54,521 They looked desperate; they looked in bad condition. 768 00:51:55,266 --> 00:51:59,452 I wanted to protect them too to give them to people who might… 769 00:51:59,866 --> 00:52:01,806 ...to read them, to protect them. 770 00:52:01,807 --> 00:52:04,142 And I felt that I had... 771 00:52:04,143 --> 00:52:06,547 ...mission. 772 00:52:07,346 --> 00:52:11,398 �akoska bought the codex for about three hundred thousand dollars 773 00:52:11,399 --> 00:52:13,440 and then she tried to sell it. 774 00:52:13,441 --> 00:52:15,332 First to Yale University, 775 00:52:15,333 --> 00:52:17,857 then to other collectors. 776 00:52:17,858 --> 00:52:19,454 Yale didn't bite. 777 00:52:19,455 --> 00:52:22,830 But they did give it to her something priceless. 778 00:52:22,831 --> 00:52:25,831 They told her what was wrong. 779 00:52:25,832 --> 00:52:28,793 That's when it's hot started a relationship 780 00:52:28,794 --> 00:52:31,439 with Judas Iscariot. 781 00:52:31,440 --> 00:52:33,635 I feel connected to... 782 00:52:33,636 --> 00:52:35,547 with...with Judas. 783 00:52:35,548 --> 00:52:38,828 He... He was convicted of... 784 00:52:38,829 --> 00:52:41,072 ... for thousands of years 785 00:52:41,073 --> 00:52:48,503 and here I have this gospel he says that he did not want to betray Jesus. 786 00:52:49,355 --> 00:52:53,660 He was asked to do it against his will. 787 00:52:54,107 --> 00:53:01,280 I feel called to I am rehabilitating him. Yes, I feel it. 788 00:53:02,690 --> 00:53:06,588 Jakoska also wants to return the codex to Egypt. 789 00:53:06,589 --> 00:53:09,675 But first two things they have to happen. 790 00:53:09,699 --> 00:53:11,275 It must be renewed 791 00:53:11,276 --> 00:53:13,430 to be translated. 792 00:53:13,431 --> 00:53:17,315 And it has to be confirmed as authentic. 793 00:53:19,145 --> 00:53:22,830 All expert research both in the laboratory and in the field 794 00:53:22,831 --> 00:53:27,126 indicate that it is The Gospel according to Judas really. 795 00:53:28,425 --> 00:53:31,564 But no one really does knows how old it is. 796 00:53:32,106 --> 00:53:36,382 Radiocarbon dating only can prove it. 797 00:53:39,774 --> 00:53:42,199 It turns out that to determine the age with the help of carbon dating, 798 00:53:42,200 --> 00:53:44,305 you have to destroy it. 799 00:53:44,306 --> 00:53:47,431 Or at least part of it. 800 00:53:48,675 --> 00:53:50,033 To determine the age of the Gospels, 801 00:53:50,034 --> 00:53:54,935 they have to take samples from its leaves and leather binding. 802 00:53:55,537 --> 00:53:57,218 Expert in radiocarbon dating. 803 00:53:57,219 --> 00:53:58,850 Dr. Timothy D�al, 804 00:53:58,851 --> 00:54:02,568 and Professor Kaser choose sampling sites, 805 00:54:02,569 --> 00:54:06,012 carefully to escaped any letter. 806 00:54:07,730 --> 00:54:12,519 Now Mrs. Darbr is doing that which is unthinkable for her - 807 00:54:12,520 --> 00:54:18,488 he is cutting a document at night was painstakingly restored. 808 00:54:20,914 --> 00:54:23,924 When I had to I cut a piece of papyrus, 809 00:54:24,543 --> 00:54:27,703 I have to say that I am not was very excited 810 00:54:27,704 --> 00:54:32,640 because I spent time trying to put the small parts back in place. 811 00:54:37,665 --> 00:54:42,352 Five small samples from the codex now they travel some six thousand miles 812 00:54:42,453 --> 00:54:46,621 to the Center for Physics University of Arizona. 813 00:54:49,254 --> 00:54:53,766 This is where Dr. D�al will do what some early church fathers would 814 00:54:53,767 --> 00:54:56,332 maybe he wanted to they did. 815 00:54:56,433 --> 00:55:01,004 I will have to burn the Gospel according to Judas so I could determine his age. 816 00:55:05,123 --> 00:55:07,052 Once they are fragments of eyes, 817 00:55:07,053 --> 00:55:09,521 small parts of the Gospel according to Judas 818 00:55:09,522 --> 00:55:12,223 they leave in flames. 819 00:55:16,718 --> 00:55:17,682 After combustion, 820 00:55:17,683 --> 00:55:22,472 these graphite granules are everything what is left of the fragments. 821 00:55:24,695 --> 00:55:30,677 Now the granules go into the machine for radiocarbon dating of room size. 822 00:55:31,670 --> 00:55:32,926 In fifteen hours 823 00:55:32,927 --> 00:55:35,100 the machine will output the date 824 00:55:35,101 --> 00:55:37,546 and to confirm, once and for all, 825 00:55:37,547 --> 00:55:40,472 is it the Gospel according to Judas really 826 00:55:40,473 --> 00:55:42,664 or forgery. 827 00:55:44,120 --> 00:55:47,223 Radiocarbon dating it will work this way. 828 00:55:48,986 --> 00:55:53,283 Every living thing on Earth absorbs a certain type of carbon atom 829 00:55:53,284 --> 00:55:56,664 which is called "carbon �fourteen". 830 00:55:56,839 --> 00:55:59,844 The Gospel is made of papyrus. 831 00:55:59,845 --> 00:56:05,063 When the papyrus was alive, he is absorbed carbon-14 atoms. 832 00:56:05,518 --> 00:56:07,025 When it is cut, 833 00:56:07,026 --> 00:56:10,139 these atoms began to fall apart. 834 00:56:10,140 --> 00:56:12,790 And they were falling apart predictable speed, 835 00:56:12,791 --> 00:56:16,077 a certain amount every year. 836 00:56:16,355 --> 00:56:20,034 It's like a clock which knocks backwards. 837 00:56:20,176 --> 00:56:25,195 Scientists know how much carbon-14 is in the papyrus now. 838 00:56:26,068 --> 00:56:29,908 Using a clock, they can determine an approximate date 839 00:56:29,909 --> 00:56:32,960 when the papyrus was cut. 840 00:56:36,807 --> 00:56:39,519 The results are in. 841 00:56:41,390 --> 00:56:45,246 The truth is in numbers. 842 00:56:45,346 --> 00:56:47,785 Radiocarbon dating of papyri 843 00:56:47,786 --> 00:56:54,037 which is from the Gospel according to Judas, confirms that is from the third to fourth century AD 844 00:56:54,038 --> 00:56:59,188 and this supports authenticity Gospel according to Judas. 845 00:56:59,460 --> 00:57:02,915 Radiocarbon dating proves for the first time 846 00:57:02,916 --> 00:57:06,215 that the document dates from 280 AD, 847 00:57:06,216 --> 00:57:09,854 plus or minus fifty years. 848 00:57:10,220 --> 00:57:15,708 This means that the Gospel is according to Judas an authentic text from the Old World. 849 00:57:15,709 --> 00:57:18,592 It is not a forgery. 850 00:57:33,125 --> 00:57:35,141 Now that we know if it's real 851 00:57:35,142 --> 00:57:38,759 we can find out what it says. 852 00:57:41,945 --> 00:57:43,839 Switzerland, 2005. 853 00:57:47,681 --> 00:57:51,951 It's a huge business in Switzerland repairs almost finished. 854 00:57:52,639 --> 00:57:58,357 The last of almost a thousand of the fragments is set in place. 855 00:57:58,979 --> 00:58:04,155 New difficult section the gospel is now finished. 856 00:58:07,253 --> 00:58:12,433 It displays a unique relationship between Jesus and Judas. 857 00:58:12,434 --> 00:58:18,009 The account according to which Judas is privileged insight into the greatest secrets of all - 858 00:58:18,010 --> 00:58:21,903 the secrets of Heaven. 859 00:58:22,168 --> 00:58:24,476 Deviations from others 860 00:58:24,747 --> 00:58:26,508 and I will tell you 861 00:58:26,809 --> 00:58:28,370 secrets of the Empire. 862 00:58:29,431 --> 00:58:32,186 It is a great and boundless Empire 863 00:58:32,702 --> 00:58:35,728 which not a single eye an angel has never seen 864 00:58:37,068 --> 00:58:39,402 not a single thought of the heart 865 00:58:39,879 --> 00:58:42,111 she never met. 866 00:58:47,348 --> 00:58:52,969 How could Judas Iscariot to be worth secret knowledge? 867 00:58:52,970 --> 00:59:00,121 In these broken pages a radical new portrait of Judas comes to life. 868 00:59:02,255 --> 00:59:05,694 Next: Judas was not always the greatest villain of the Bible, 869 00:59:05,695 --> 00:59:09,646 it is older than Mark, through Matthew, to His character has outgrown Jovana 870 00:59:09,647 --> 00:59:14,188 from the Apostle to the personification of evil. 871 00:59:14,613 --> 00:59:18,697 Find out why when "Gospel according to Judas" continued. 872 00:59:20,890 --> 00:59:24,668 Now we are coming back "Gospel according to Judas". 873 00:59:27,247 --> 00:59:33,711 Is the depiction of Judas from the lost Gospel? really so different from the New Testament depiction? 874 00:59:33,712 --> 00:59:34,877 Actually, 875 00:59:34,878 --> 00:59:38,216 Judas was not always portrayed as a villain. 876 00:59:38,217 --> 00:59:42,102 He becomes more and more evil from the first Gospel, according to Mark, 877 00:59:42,103 --> 00:59:45,120 to the last, according to John. 878 00:59:45,520 --> 00:59:48,412 The Gospel according to Mark is written around the year 60 879 00:59:48,413 --> 00:59:53,153 and, of course, ... it was considered by most scholars for the earliest Gospels. 880 00:59:53,154 --> 00:59:55,549 It has... an eye... 881 00:59:55,550 --> 00:59:58,384 a third of the references to Judas 882 00:59:58,385 --> 01:00:00,566 rather than what Jovan has. 883 01:00:00,567 --> 01:00:05,440 But the way it is Judeo the work shown is the most striking. 884 01:00:05,604 --> 01:00:09,269 Judas is not a villain in the Gospel according to Mark. 885 01:00:10,394 --> 01:00:11,527 Jerusalem, 2005. 886 01:00:17,567 --> 01:00:19,897 This is called the Upper Room, 887 01:00:19,898 --> 01:00:23,624 by reference from the Gospel according to Mark. 888 01:00:24,080 --> 01:00:30,263 According to tradition, there are Jesus and The apostles celebrated the Last Supper. 889 01:00:32,061 --> 01:00:35,557 Dr. William Clausen spent more part of your professional life 890 01:00:35,558 --> 01:00:40,153 trying to understand the evangelical figure of Judas. 891 01:00:41,426 --> 01:00:44,499 According to Marko's representation of that what happened in this room 892 01:00:44,500 --> 01:00:48,170 the center of attention it is not on Judah. 893 01:00:48,215 --> 01:00:51,783 The intimacy of that scene does not it can be overemphasized. 894 01:00:51,784 --> 01:00:56,105 I mean, there is a very close encounter between Jesus and His Disciples. 895 01:00:56,106 --> 01:00:58,369 And for Jesus to announce 896 01:00:58,470 --> 01:01:00,540 that His end is near, 897 01:01:00,541 --> 01:01:03,508 it must have been very painful for them. 898 01:01:03,845 --> 01:01:07,431 I'm telling you, one of you will betray me, 899 01:01:08,471 --> 01:01:14,090 one who eats with me. 900 01:01:16,221 --> 01:01:17,521 Lord, is it me? 901 01:01:19,518 --> 01:01:21,450 Lord, is it me? Am I? 902 01:01:22,063 --> 01:01:23,526 Is that me? 903 01:01:27,245 --> 01:01:29,534 It is one of the twelve, 904 01:01:30,333 --> 01:01:32,197 one who spreads bread 905 01:01:32,617 --> 01:01:34,723 in the container with me. 906 01:01:39,223 --> 01:01:40,856 In Mark's Last Supper, 907 01:01:40,857 --> 01:01:44,103 Judas is not shown as a traitor. 908 01:01:44,104 --> 01:01:45,276 At Matthew's, 909 01:01:45,277 --> 01:01:47,242 of the next Gospel which is written, 910 01:01:47,243 --> 01:01:50,578 it's his fault never doubt. 911 01:01:50,579 --> 01:01:56,354 The Gospel according to Matthew seems to have been written some ten to twelve years after Mark. 912 01:01:56,442 --> 01:02:02,870 The Gospel according to Matthew seems to puts some of the blame on Judah's shoulders. 913 01:02:03,465 --> 01:02:07,134 Betrayal takes place in to the Garden of Gethsemane, 914 01:02:07,135 --> 01:02:10,531 just outside the walls of Jerusalem. 915 01:02:11,739 --> 01:02:15,764 Judas identifies Jesus to the soldiers 916 01:02:15,765 --> 01:02:19,739 with the help of the most famous kiss in history. 917 01:02:36,291 --> 01:02:38,208 Are you still sleeping? 918 01:02:40,993 --> 01:02:42,501 Stand up. Let's go. 919 01:02:43,319 --> 01:02:45,322 Look, my traitor is near. 920 01:03:16,239 --> 01:03:19,812 Jude, what have you done? 921 01:03:22,059 --> 01:03:24,038 Hello, Teacher! 922 01:03:29,154 --> 01:03:32,686 Friend, do what you are here for. 923 01:03:33,198 --> 01:03:35,001 Hold it! 924 01:03:44,267 --> 01:03:45,198 Stop! 925 01:03:45,799 --> 01:03:47,383 Who uses a sword, 926 01:03:48,184 --> 01:03:49,851 he will die by the sword! 927 01:04:06,497 --> 01:04:08,371 According to the Gospel according to Matthew, 928 01:04:08,372 --> 01:04:15,719 when Judas heard that Jesus went from Caiaphas to Pilate, 929 01:04:15,720 --> 01:04:18,960 he was depressed. 930 01:04:19,163 --> 01:04:21,498 Judas left that place 931 01:04:21,499 --> 01:04:25,650 and, they know that Jesus will surely die at the hands of Pilate, 932 01:04:25,651 --> 01:04:28,523 he committed suicide. 933 01:04:52,519 --> 01:04:54,548 In another account from the New Testament, 934 01:04:54,549 --> 01:04:56,522 Judah is not angry, 935 01:04:56,523 --> 01:04:59,889 he is already going to his death here. 936 01:05:00,171 --> 01:05:03,228 It's called Blood Field. 937 01:05:03,391 --> 01:05:06,621 Today it is rubbish. 938 01:05:08,258 --> 01:05:14,630 What history does to people is, of course, fascinating stuff. 939 01:05:14,860 --> 01:05:17,722 The Christians slandered Judas 940 01:05:17,723 --> 01:05:21,798 and they just did sent to the landfill. 941 01:05:23,218 --> 01:05:26,792 The blackest display of all is in the Gospel according to John, 942 01:05:26,793 --> 01:05:29,931 the last written Gospel. 943 01:05:31,659 --> 01:05:33,375 In his scene The Last Supper 944 01:05:33,376 --> 01:05:36,649 Judas was converted by the Apostles 945 01:05:36,650 --> 01:05:40,693 into the embodiment of evil. 946 01:05:46,444 --> 01:05:48,893 Verily I say unto you, 947 01:05:49,929 --> 01:05:52,668 one of you will betray me. 948 01:05:54,237 --> 01:05:55,962 Lord, who is that? 949 01:05:57,825 --> 01:06:01,872 It is the one to whom 950 01:06:02,248 --> 01:06:04,526 I will give you this piece of bread 951 01:06:05,499 --> 01:06:07,907 after I dip it in the dish. 952 01:06:29,950 --> 01:06:34,215 Do quickly what you want to do. 953 01:06:35,412 --> 01:06:36,720 In the Gospel of John 954 01:06:36,721 --> 01:06:40,173 Judah is completely a developed and very evil character. 955 01:06:40,174 --> 01:06:43,456 John also says that the Jews they are trying to kill Jesus 956 01:06:43,457 --> 01:06:46,757 and the term "Judah" also means "Jew", 957 01:06:46,758 --> 01:06:48,317 or it can mean "Jew", 958 01:06:48,318 --> 01:06:53,414 so you can clearly see how this the figure gradually creates and strengthens. 959 01:06:53,415 --> 01:06:56,000 She is very interesting thing to wonder about 960 01:06:56,001 --> 01:06:59,107 why the figure of Judas becoming more and more evil? 961 01:06:59,208 --> 01:07:02,903 For what reason do people talk? talk like this? 962 01:07:02,904 --> 01:07:06,180 Some experts believe that they are Christians demonized Judas 963 01:07:06,181 --> 01:07:08,456 to distance themselves from the Jews, 964 01:07:08,457 --> 01:07:12,162 trying to help for their faith to survive. 965 01:07:12,163 --> 01:07:14,376 Jerusalem, AD 66 966 01:07:14,377 --> 01:07:16,328 66 AD 967 01:07:16,329 --> 01:07:19,091 The Jews tried to they kicked Rome out of Judea 968 01:07:19,092 --> 01:07:24,729 in the disastrous four-year war which was called the Great Jewish Uprising. 969 01:07:25,084 --> 01:07:29,095 Jerusalem defended itself months of the Roman siege. 970 01:07:30,199 --> 01:07:32,347 When they finally penetrated, 971 01:07:32,348 --> 01:07:35,919 The Romans killed hundreds of thousands of Jews 972 01:07:35,920 --> 01:07:38,799 and burned the Second Temple, 973 01:07:38,800 --> 01:07:42,832 spiritual center of Jewish life. 974 01:07:46,070 --> 01:07:50,384 Everything that is today the western wall survived, 975 01:07:50,385 --> 01:07:54,623 where the Jews still mourn the destruction of the temple. 976 01:07:54,698 --> 01:07:57,366 Destruction of the temple in 70 AD 977 01:07:57,367 --> 01:08:00,931 added to the problems between Christian Jews 978 01:08:00,932 --> 01:08:05,336 and Jews who are not believed in Jesus as the Messiah. 979 01:08:05,337 --> 01:08:09,322 The Jews had to decide from what what their religion actually consisted of. 980 01:08:09,323 --> 01:08:14,584 What does it mean to be a Jew now that he sees do we not have a temple and sacrifices offered to the temple? 981 01:08:14,685 --> 01:08:16,226 Well, one thing which surely means that 982 01:08:16,227 --> 01:08:22,314 is that we stand opposite these people who say that Jesus is the Messiah. 983 01:08:23,070 --> 01:08:27,444 Discord between Christians and Jews had another cause. 984 01:08:27,445 --> 01:08:33,310 The Christians called non-Jews to their faith. 985 01:08:34,387 --> 01:08:38,984 The movement aimed to make everything it addresses non-Jews more. 986 01:08:39,084 --> 01:08:44,825 He also tries to separate Jesus from of the disastrous Jewish war against Rome 987 01:08:44,826 --> 01:08:47,974 and to claim that, not only that Jesus is innocent of the accusation 988 01:08:47,975 --> 01:08:50,751 for which he was crucified, what is treason against Rome, 989 01:08:50,752 --> 01:08:54,652 but that His followers are also innocent of the charge of rebellion against Rome 990 01:08:54,653 --> 01:08:57,737 on the basis of which they are killed every day. 991 01:08:57,738 --> 01:09:02,748 The hard fact is that Jesus was killed by the Romans on a Roman cross. 992 01:09:02,749 --> 01:09:06,995 And yet throughout history, Jews are were you to blame. 993 01:09:06,996 --> 01:09:08,982 �that was behind it, 994 01:09:08,983 --> 01:09:11,929 the biblical depiction of the evil Judas 995 01:09:11,930 --> 01:09:17,013 became an inspiration for later anti-Semitism. 996 01:09:17,159 --> 01:09:19,336 The fact is that the Gospel 997 01:09:19,337 --> 01:09:21,479 are becoming increasingly anti-Jewish 998 01:09:21,480 --> 01:09:24,868 as the movement becomes more and more Gentile. 999 01:09:24,869 --> 01:09:29,353 And it had a huge impact on the history of Christianity and the world, 1000 01:09:29,354 --> 01:09:32,006 Even up to the twentieth twenty first century. 1001 01:09:32,007 --> 01:09:39,512 Unfortunately, Judas becomes the cause a symbol for anti-Semitic thinking 1002 01:09:39,513 --> 01:09:45,302 and, unfortunately, Judas becomes then that negative ideal 1003 01:09:45,303 --> 01:09:48,409 for the haters and who are antisemites 1004 01:09:48,410 --> 01:09:53,538 and they want to portray the Jewish people in the context of Judas the traitor. 1005 01:09:53,639 --> 01:09:57,129 But it is inauthentic in sense of the message of the New Testament 1006 01:09:57,130 --> 01:09:59,739 and inauthentic to learning 1007 01:09:59,740 --> 01:10:02,443 and the message of Jesus. 1008 01:10:02,444 --> 01:10:05,524 When I was in graduate school, I believed that what I was taught at the time, 1009 01:10:05,525 --> 01:10:10,642 It was anti-Jewish and anti-Semitic elements did not exist in the New Testament 1010 01:10:10,643 --> 01:10:15,729 and that they were inserted by by people who were... evil. 1011 01:10:15,730 --> 01:10:19,069 But when I started to I study the text in detail, 1012 01:10:19,070 --> 01:10:22,134 I saw that many people they realize that they are there 1013 01:10:22,135 --> 01:10:25,403 in the later Gospels, in the manner of which is the story of the suffering told. 1014 01:10:25,404 --> 01:10:27,640 They are part of the story of Christianity. 1015 01:10:27,641 --> 01:10:31,806 It is very important for people who love Christian tradition like me 1016 01:10:31,807 --> 01:10:33,730 and people who identify with her, 1017 01:10:33,731 --> 01:10:36,708 to understand that these the elements are not accidental, 1018 01:10:36,709 --> 01:10:38,831 that they actually are embedded in the story. 1019 01:10:38,832 --> 01:10:42,693 They were installed for defensive reasons, not out of hostility to the Jews 1020 01:10:42,694 --> 01:10:46,723 try as you might protect yourselves as Christians. 1021 01:10:47,281 --> 01:10:54,820 The evil notion of Judas followed the growth of anti-Semitism through the Middle Ages to our times. 1022 01:10:55,574 --> 01:10:59,867 Judah is historically used for heinous acts of anti-Semitism 1023 01:10:59,868 --> 01:11:03,462 and that influenced the events from modern times. 1024 01:11:05,012 --> 01:11:07,702 For more than a thousand years in Europe, 1025 01:11:07,703 --> 01:11:12,281 representations of suffering, which dramatize the betrayal and crucifixion of Jesus, 1026 01:11:12,282 --> 01:11:16,864 were an integral part of the Holy the week before Easter. 1027 01:11:17,921 --> 01:11:21,833 The most famous plays of suffering took place in Germany. 1028 01:11:22,076 --> 01:11:24,688 That was the suffering of Oberarmergau, 1029 01:11:24,689 --> 01:11:28,473 where you have a staging of suffering, 1030 01:11:28,474 --> 01:11:31,851 in many ways very antisemitic, 1031 01:11:31,852 --> 01:11:36,668 and we know that it is, in fact, Adolf himself Hitler watched this performance 1032 01:11:36,669 --> 01:11:40,858 and it is, in fact, added fuel to the fire. 1033 01:11:41,120 --> 01:11:45,868 This picture of Judas and the Jews has incited violence 1034 01:11:45,969 --> 01:11:52,147 and helped inspire the worst An act of anti-Semitism in history. 1035 01:11:53,651 --> 01:11:56,573 Representation of Judas in the New Testament 1036 01:11:56,574 --> 01:12:00,156 it's not direct, but it is could indirectly 1037 01:12:00,157 --> 01:12:06,545 to contribute to the poisonous current which led to the Holocaust. 1038 01:12:10,678 --> 01:12:13,779 Not surprisingly, yes is from the Holocaust 1039 01:12:13,780 --> 01:12:20,753 German theology in particular worked very hard hard at improving the image of Judas, 1040 01:12:20,754 --> 01:12:29,229 including a group of Jesuits in Germany who leads the initiative to make Judas a saint. 1041 01:12:29,386 --> 01:12:32,562 The Idea of Holiness for Judas 1042 01:12:32,563 --> 01:12:35,997 could be to many to make unheard of. 1043 01:12:36,057 --> 01:12:40,658 But almost a holy show derives from the Gospel of Judas, 1044 01:12:40,659 --> 01:12:44,972 a play that was lost seventeen hundred years, 1045 01:12:44,973 --> 01:12:49,784 but now, finally, may be discovered. 1046 01:12:51,436 --> 01:12:54,695 Next: what he's really drinking in the Gospel according to Judas? 1047 01:12:54,979 --> 01:12:58,810 Is it an authentic representation Christ's last days 1048 01:12:58,947 --> 01:13:03,751 or just an old heresy that should to be left underground? 1049 01:13:03,908 --> 01:13:08,657 In the continuation of the "Gospel according to Judas" on to the National Geography channel. 1050 01:13:09,819 --> 01:13:14,896 Now we continue with the "Gospel by Judi" on the National Geography channel. 1051 01:13:16,751 --> 01:13:17,940 Switzerland, 2006. 1052 01:13:27,681 --> 01:13:31,930 Back in Switzerland, Judina the puzzle is almost done. 1053 01:13:33,136 --> 01:13:38,322 The team concludes that it is about fifteen percent of the gospel forever lost, 1054 01:13:38,477 --> 01:13:43,305 from holes in the text and fragments which turned to dust. 1055 01:13:47,828 --> 01:13:51,468 But eighty-five percent was restored. 1056 01:13:52,211 --> 01:13:55,775 And now, for the first time in almost two thousand years, 1057 01:13:55,776 --> 01:13:59,508 Jevan shook Judi's hand mo�e da se �ita. 1058 01:14:12,600 --> 01:14:19,094 The choice of scenes reveals the gospel which sounds both familiar and strange. 1059 01:14:19,453 --> 01:14:23,830 These are passages from the Gospel: 1060 01:14:25,097 --> 01:14:28,511 1061 01:14:28,512 --> 01:14:35,586 before he celebrated Passover 1062 01:14:35,739 --> 01:14:37,615 1063 01:14:37,616 --> 01:14:39,621 1064 01:14:39,622 --> 01:14:43,802 for the salvation of mankind. 1065 01:14:43,803 --> 01:14:47,140 through righteousness, 1066 01:14:47,141 --> 01:14:50,971 1067 01:14:50,972 --> 01:14:55,213 1068 01:14:57,006 --> 01:15:02,310 to his Apostles as himself, 1069 01:15:03,964 --> 01:15:09,471 a child among them. 1070 01:15:09,762 --> 01:15:14,570 The fact that Jesus could appear as a child on certain occasions in the Gospel according to Judas 1071 01:15:14,866 --> 01:15:17,799 is, in fact, in agreement with other Gospels, also - 1072 01:15:17,800 --> 01:15:20,390 to have some children about Jesus. 1073 01:15:20,391 --> 01:15:22,953 Sometimes he would show up as if he were a child; 1074 01:15:22,954 --> 01:15:29,757 sometimes he would be God's child in that someone in the literal sense that he was like a child. 1075 01:15:31,950 --> 01:15:34,418 It is often the case in with these texts that, 1076 01:15:34,419 --> 01:15:38,949 when it is said that Jesus looked like a child to them, that it is not meant to be taken literally. 1077 01:15:38,950 --> 01:15:41,046 At the beginning of learning 1078 01:15:41,047 --> 01:15:43,421 He taught them only that what they could understand 1079 01:15:43,422 --> 01:15:47,860 and they could only understand the initial level of His teaching. 1080 01:15:47,861 --> 01:15:49,320 There are other texts 1081 01:15:49,321 --> 01:15:53,152 which tell about how Jesus appeared on the way people could recognize him. 1082 01:15:53,153 --> 01:15:57,151 To some he introduced himself as a child, to others as a mature man 1083 01:15:57,176 --> 01:16:00,313 because they could not understand him... 1084 01:16:00,314 --> 01:16:03,315 ...on a deeper level. 1085 01:16:04,656 --> 01:16:07,863 The Gospel of Judas uses familiar scenes 1086 01:16:07,864 --> 01:16:11,685 to convey unfamiliar ideas. 1087 01:16:14,233 --> 01:16:17,511 to his disciples in Judea 1088 01:16:17,512 --> 01:16:19,448 1089 01:16:19,449 --> 01:16:23,381 pobo�nim dr�anjem. 1090 01:16:23,591 --> 01:16:30,286 offered a prayer of thanksgiving over the bread, 1091 01:16:30,287 --> 01:16:33,761 1092 01:16:35,649 --> 01:16:38,538 Jesus encountered a group of disciples 1093 01:16:38,539 --> 01:16:42,412 when they celebrated that together looks like a holy meal, 1094 01:16:42,413 --> 01:16:45,530 maybe as a kind of story. 1095 01:16:45,631 --> 01:16:52,470 And when offering a prayer of thanksgiving over the bread, Jesus begins to laugh. 1096 01:16:52,862 --> 01:16:58,402 In fact, in the Gospel according to Jude Jesus laughs a lot. 1097 01:17:00,227 --> 01:17:03,587 He laughs because they think to worship the true God, 1098 01:17:03,588 --> 01:17:05,317 but, in fact, they think wrongly. 1099 01:17:05,318 --> 01:17:10,748 They worship the god who created this world, which is not the true God. 1100 01:17:10,749 --> 01:17:14,902 The only one who understands is Judas. 1101 01:17:15,461 --> 01:17:16,625 For the Gnostics, 1102 01:17:16,626 --> 01:17:18,641 the god who created the earth 1103 01:17:18,642 --> 01:17:22,204 he was not worthy of worship. 1104 01:17:22,291 --> 01:17:23,891 There is only one true God, 1105 01:17:23,892 --> 01:17:26,202 will be beyond comprehension, 1106 01:17:26,203 --> 01:17:28,090 was holy. 1107 01:17:28,091 --> 01:17:29,449 Jesus laughs 1108 01:17:29,450 --> 01:17:33,510 to what he considers false piety. 1109 01:17:34,763 --> 01:17:37,073 But the Apostles do not understand 1110 01:17:37,074 --> 01:17:39,141 and they become angry with Him. 1111 01:17:39,192 --> 01:17:42,403 Why were you led to anger? 1112 01:17:42,404 --> 01:17:46,002 Let any of you who are strong enough 1113 01:17:46,672 --> 01:17:49,340 stand up and reveal to me 1114 01:17:49,441 --> 01:17:52,695 the real spiritual person within. 1115 01:17:55,209 --> 01:17:58,653 We are strong enough! 1116 01:18:01,772 --> 01:18:07,762 Their souls are not dare to stand before Him, 1117 01:18:08,061 --> 01:18:11,870 except Judas Iscariot. 1118 01:18:11,971 --> 01:18:14,021 I know who you are 1119 01:18:14,022 --> 01:18:15,883 and where you came from. 1120 01:18:15,884 --> 01:18:19,557 I am not worthy to speak my name 1121 01:18:19,558 --> 01:18:22,906 The one who sent you. 1122 01:18:28,545 --> 01:18:31,497 Deviations from others 1123 01:18:32,306 --> 01:18:34,384 and I will tell you 1124 01:18:34,483 --> 01:18:36,599 secrets of the Empire. 1125 01:18:37,258 --> 01:18:40,941 It is a great and infinite Empire 1126 01:18:42,925 --> 01:18:46,789 which no angel's eye has ever seen, 1127 01:18:47,406 --> 01:18:50,152 no thought of the heart 1128 01:18:50,153 --> 01:18:53,113 she never met 1129 01:18:53,755 --> 01:18:57,248 and it was never called by name. 1130 01:19:03,512 --> 01:19:06,345 Jesus gives a challenge to the disciples. 1131 01:19:06,346 --> 01:19:09,850 He says: "Let it be perfect the person in you 1132 01:19:09,851 --> 01:19:12,018 come forward and face me." 1133 01:19:12,019 --> 01:19:14,580 And that perfect person inside is... 1134 01:19:14,581 --> 01:19:18,573 is an inner person, spiritual a person who really knows, 1135 01:19:18,574 --> 01:19:19,566 yes person yes... 1136 01:19:19,567 --> 01:19:22,996 that he should have knowledge God and own knowledge. 1137 01:19:22,997 --> 01:19:25,197 And the students say: "Well, we can do that." 1138 01:19:25,198 --> 01:19:27,223 But they could not do that. 1139 01:19:27,224 --> 01:19:29,254 And so Judas steps forward. 1140 01:19:29,355 --> 01:19:32,853 And he could stand before Jesus. 1141 01:19:33,095 --> 01:19:35,827 But he didn't just get up. 1142 01:19:35,828 --> 01:19:37,179 He is also modest. 1143 01:19:37,180 --> 01:19:39,332 He does not look Jesus directly in the eyes, 1144 01:19:39,333 --> 01:19:43,002 rather, culturally sensitive norms of their time, 1145 01:19:43,003 --> 01:19:44,777 he averts his gaze. 1146 01:19:44,778 --> 01:19:47,110 So he has what is needed. 1147 01:19:47,111 --> 01:19:51,245 He has, you might say, the spiritual strength to rise, 1148 01:19:51,346 --> 01:19:54,271 but he has politeness and modesty 1149 01:19:54,272 --> 01:19:59,587 to know his place when he stands before Jesus. 1150 01:19:59,788 --> 01:20:02,248 Jesus, if he was like other Jewish teachers, 1151 01:20:02,249 --> 01:20:04,839 would probably preach masses in one way, 1152 01:20:04,840 --> 01:20:07,246 and secretly to his disciples in a different way. 1153 01:20:07,247 --> 01:20:10,774 Gospel according to Mark u The New Testament says exactly that. 1154 01:20:10,775 --> 01:20:14,392 If so, He preached in such a way teachers used to preach in the old days. 1155 01:20:14,393 --> 01:20:16,802 And many still do that today. 1156 01:20:17,884 --> 01:20:19,122 master, 1157 01:20:19,432 --> 01:20:21,312 in a vision I saw myself. 1158 01:20:22,484 --> 01:20:27,586 The students stoned me to death. 1159 01:20:28,644 --> 01:20:32,104 You will become an Apostle 1160 01:20:32,105 --> 01:20:35,306 cursed by all others. 1161 01:20:35,943 --> 01:20:38,572 It is possible for you 1162 01:20:38,573 --> 01:20:41,057 to reach the Kingdom of Heaven, 1163 01:20:42,220 --> 01:20:44,711 but you will suffer a lot. 1164 01:20:44,712 --> 01:20:48,451 But what does that mean to me? 1165 01:20:49,138 --> 01:20:52,918 The brightness of your star 1166 01:20:52,919 --> 01:20:56,076 It will overshadow all others. 1167 01:20:57,727 --> 01:21:01,186 You will be greater than all of them. 1168 01:21:01,678 --> 01:21:02,786 Judas, 1169 01:21:03,301 --> 01:21:05,014 you will sacrifice 1170 01:21:05,115 --> 01:21:09,164 the man who covers me. 1171 01:21:10,382 --> 01:21:11,861 Judas, 1172 01:21:11,862 --> 01:21:16,132 the star that guides the way 1173 01:21:16,133 --> 01:21:19,172 is your star. 1174 01:21:35,289 --> 01:21:36,920 Judas had a vision 1175 01:21:36,921 --> 01:21:41,544 which I think yes confirms his choice. 1176 01:21:41,545 --> 01:21:46,014 But he doesn't understand the vision until Jesus explains it to him. 1177 01:21:46,015 --> 01:21:48,714 Judas now understands your mission 1178 01:21:48,715 --> 01:21:52,598 and he has strength... perseverance to carry it out, 1179 01:21:52,599 --> 01:21:55,747 It is to betray Jesus; 1180 01:21:55,748 --> 01:21:57,583 but that's not bad the thing he does. 1181 01:21:57,584 --> 01:22:01,435 It is actually an act of sacrifice - it is like an act of worship. 1182 01:22:01,436 --> 01:22:02,364 That's a good thing. 1183 01:22:02,365 --> 01:22:04,960 It is a pious thing. 1184 01:22:06,564 --> 01:22:10,601 Jesus reveals these truths Judi and only Judi. 1185 01:22:10,602 --> 01:22:16,242 Among these truths is that people in this world they have the divine spark trapped within them 1186 01:22:16,243 --> 01:22:18,422 which needs to be released. 1187 01:22:18,511 --> 01:22:24,609 Jesus himself represents the Divine the spark that needs to be released. 1188 01:22:29,477 --> 01:22:31,819 Unlike the Gospel from the New Testament, 1189 01:22:31,820 --> 01:22:36,742 The Gospel according to Judas does not contains a crucifixion scene. 1190 01:22:37,177 --> 01:22:39,718 It ends abruptly 1191 01:22:39,719 --> 01:22:43,764 Judas' betrayal. 1192 01:22:44,929 --> 01:22:46,731 Omitting the crucifix, 1193 01:22:46,732 --> 01:22:53,366 The Gospel of Judas added to the tensions between the nascent orthodox church and the gnostics. 1194 01:22:59,729 --> 01:23:02,836 In the early gospels, the death and resurrection of Jesus 1195 01:23:02,899 --> 01:23:04,854 is what is real essential for salvation. 1196 01:23:04,855 --> 01:23:08,874 His body dies and then God raised His body from the dead. 1197 01:23:08,875 --> 01:23:11,753 This will resurrect the body is very important, 1198 01:23:11,754 --> 01:23:17,240 so that Jesus in the Gospels according to Matthew, He actually appears to Luke and John to his followers 1199 01:23:17,241 --> 01:23:20,516 to show that he still lives, that His body is still alive. 1200 01:23:20,517 --> 01:23:25,138 It is completely contrary to that What happens in the Gospel according to Judas 1201 01:23:25,139 --> 01:23:26,797 where His death is not represented 1202 01:23:26,798 --> 01:23:28,758 because His death that's not what matters. 1203 01:23:28,759 --> 01:23:32,396 And especially not shown his resurrection. 1204 01:23:34,322 --> 01:23:37,168 What is important is that the body will die 1205 01:23:37,169 --> 01:23:41,109 and that the spirit will continue to live. 1206 01:23:41,802 --> 01:23:43,124 For the Gnostics, 1207 01:23:43,125 --> 01:23:44,863 Jesus had to die 1208 01:23:44,864 --> 01:23:49,129 to get rid of dungeons of his body. 1209 01:23:50,702 --> 01:23:53,508 But in the eyes of the Orthodox Church, 1210 01:23:53,509 --> 01:23:59,367 such an interpretation sealed it their fate as heretics. 1211 01:24:05,362 --> 01:24:10,025 Next: How the Gospel is preached according to Judas agree with the Gospels from the New Testament? 1212 01:24:10,026 --> 01:24:14,687 Experts disagree about the credibility of this revolutionary text. 1213 01:24:14,688 --> 01:24:19,255 I don't need anything more than that I get from Matthew, Mark, Saint Luke and John. 1214 01:24:19,256 --> 01:24:21,354 I mean - Wow! 1215 01:24:21,355 --> 01:24:24,082 Who needs it anything more? 1216 01:24:24,083 --> 01:24:28,516 Conclusion - below "Gospel according to Judas". 1217 01:24:29,785 --> 01:24:34,874 And now we return to the "Gospel of Judas" on the National Geography channel. 1218 01:24:48,260 --> 01:24:51,957 The Gospel appeared from the sands of Egypt 1219 01:24:51,958 --> 01:24:57,343 to question the image from of the New Testament about Judas as a villain. 1220 01:24:57,869 --> 01:25:01,878 His journey from discovered until sold and stolen 1221 01:25:01,879 --> 01:25:06,898 finally reached the laboratory, where his age is confirmed. 1222 01:25:07,775 --> 01:25:11,711 Now we know it is authentic old text, 1223 01:25:12,462 --> 01:25:16,182 but what does he mean to us today? 1224 01:25:17,534 --> 01:25:24,383 Many experts do not believe that any Gnostic the gospel has the credibility of the New Testament. 1225 01:25:24,384 --> 01:25:28,778 So, would the Gospel according to Should Judas have been dismissed? 1226 01:25:29,105 --> 01:25:33,408 I don't need anything more than that I get from Matthew, Mark, Saint Luke and John. 1227 01:25:33,409 --> 01:25:35,630 I mean - Wow! 1228 01:25:35,631 --> 01:25:37,468 Who needs it anything more? 1229 01:25:37,469 --> 01:25:40,043 What else can he do is added �which is better? 1230 01:25:40,044 --> 01:25:42,752 I can't imagine. 1231 01:25:43,052 --> 01:25:45,858 Well, the Gospel according to Judas It makes an important contribution 1232 01:25:45,859 --> 01:25:49,255 to our knowledge about to Gnosticism from the second century. 1233 01:25:49,256 --> 01:25:53,664 Me too... And I'm glad it did available and not lost. 1234 01:25:53,665 --> 01:25:57,631 But I don't think that the Gospel for us According to Judas, he says anything 1235 01:25:57,632 --> 01:25:59,853 in connection with the historical Judas 1236 01:25:59,854 --> 01:26:01,781 or the historical Jesus 1237 01:26:01,782 --> 01:26:04,564 or in connection with acts who were at work 1238 01:26:04,747 --> 01:26:08,590 in the early first century which led to Jesus' death. 1239 01:26:08,591 --> 01:26:11,991 I do not think that Jude contains 1240 01:26:11,992 --> 01:26:17,418 the true tradition of to the historical Jesus and Judas. 1241 01:26:17,518 --> 01:26:19,210 How does he know that? 1242 01:26:19,211 --> 01:26:22,019 People who discredit this second gospel 1243 01:26:22,020 --> 01:26:25,204 insist that all they come from the second century or later. 1244 01:26:25,205 --> 01:26:30,598 It is undeniable that the texts we have they come from the third and fourth centuries. 1245 01:26:30,599 --> 01:26:32,810 What we don't know are the dates of the originals. 1246 01:26:32,811 --> 01:26:35,578 It is impossible to know. 1247 01:26:36,192 --> 01:26:39,998 Almost all experts believe that are the four Gospels of the New Testament 1248 01:26:39,999 --> 01:26:44,856 written between 60 and 100 AD. 1249 01:26:45,434 --> 01:26:47,041 Thanks to Irinej 1250 01:26:47,042 --> 01:26:51,987 we know that the Gospel is according to Judas existed in 180 AD. 1251 01:26:51,988 --> 01:26:53,579 But we have no way of knowing 1252 01:26:53,580 --> 01:26:56,814 when the original was written. 1253 01:26:58,419 --> 01:27:03,474 The decision on how to spread the Gospel The Jews agree with the New Testament Gospels 1254 01:27:03,475 --> 01:27:06,938 may depend not on when it was written, 1255 01:27:06,939 --> 01:27:09,845 more than what you believe. 1256 01:27:09,846 --> 01:27:12,145 In the end, it is a matter of faith. 1257 01:27:12,146 --> 01:27:14,503 It is not historical or literary court. 1258 01:27:14,504 --> 01:27:19,564 It is a religious judgment that these texts have credibility. 1259 01:27:19,565 --> 01:27:23,012 So in summary, these books... 1260 01:27:23,013 --> 01:27:24,410 ...they are holy books 1261 01:27:24,411 --> 01:27:27,930 and have the credibility that we feel as given by God. 1262 01:27:27,931 --> 01:27:32,803 And that is reasoning about the community as a whole. 1263 01:27:33,248 --> 01:27:34,863 For many believers 1264 01:27:34,864 --> 01:27:38,851 The Gospel according to Judas is still a heretic. 1265 01:27:39,069 --> 01:27:42,573 Just a footnote in history. 1266 01:27:42,756 --> 01:27:43,841 But for others 1267 01:27:43,842 --> 01:27:46,258 it has a message that can be appreciated 1268 01:27:46,259 --> 01:27:50,991 together with the Gospels from the New Testament. 1269 01:27:51,823 --> 01:27:55,741 So it's not that they are necessary the opposite. Not that you have to choose 1270 01:27:55,742 --> 01:27:57,540 Brand or... 1271 01:27:57,641 --> 01:27:59,945 Gospel according to Thomas or Judas. 1272 01:27:59,946 --> 01:28:03,677 Gospel from Nag Hammadi and the Gospel according to Judas 1273 01:28:03,678 --> 01:28:04,914 are enigmatic... 1274 01:28:04,915 --> 01:28:08,699 and, in fact, they probably weren't intended to be publicly read. 1275 01:28:08,700 --> 01:28:10,295 They were meant to be... 1276 01:28:10,296 --> 01:28:12,369 advanced level of preaching. 1277 01:28:12,370 --> 01:28:14,301 So they don't have the same role 1278 01:28:14,402 --> 01:28:19,021 like the Gospel according to Matthew, Mark and Luke. 1279 01:28:19,482 --> 01:28:23,037 Whether advanced course or heresy, 1280 01:28:23,038 --> 01:28:26,040 The Gospel according to Judas makes us understand 1281 01:28:26,041 --> 01:28:30,208 that in early times it was not there was only one Christianity. 1282 01:28:30,209 --> 01:28:32,824 There were many of them. 1283 01:28:32,926 --> 01:28:35,923 Mainly based the discovery of the old gospels, 1284 01:28:35,924 --> 01:28:39,329 like the Gospel according to Judas and like the Nag Hammadi Library, 1285 01:28:39,330 --> 01:28:43,175 scientists have learned about other forms Christianity that did not survive, 1286 01:28:43,176 --> 01:28:45,686 who ended up like that What are suppressed and 1287 01:28:45,687 --> 01:28:49,819 and marginalized. They eventually disappeared. 1288 01:28:50,120 --> 01:28:52,789 The value of the Gospel according to Judas the first comes from the fact 1289 01:28:52,790 --> 01:28:56,937 that it is the source of ours understanding of Gnosticism. 1290 01:28:57,047 --> 01:29:01,754 In second place it is very an important source for our understanding 1291 01:29:01,755 --> 01:29:04,843 of what is the early church worked with the character of Judas. 1292 01:29:04,844 --> 01:29:06,330 If there were some, 1293 01:29:06,331 --> 01:29:09,520 as it actually is either throughout history 1294 01:29:09,521 --> 01:29:13,197 who were able to celebrate the existence of Judah. 1295 01:29:13,298 --> 01:29:15,603 Whether someone agree with him or not, 1296 01:29:15,604 --> 01:29:18,177 or finds it interesting or reprehensible, 1297 01:29:18,178 --> 01:29:20,657 it contains a very interesting point of view 1298 01:29:20,658 --> 01:29:24,260 for which some followers of Jesus in the early Christian movement 1299 01:29:24,261 --> 01:29:27,871 apparently thought so was significant. 1300 01:29:50,984 --> 01:29:55,301 The Gospel according to Judas always fuel the discussion. 1301 01:29:55,615 --> 01:30:01,419 His secret journey through time is a story about human desires 1302 01:30:02,418 --> 01:30:04,937 to oppose the authorities, 1303 01:30:04,938 --> 01:30:07,255 to get money, 1304 01:30:07,415 --> 01:30:10,363 to preserve the past 1305 01:30:10,364 --> 01:30:15,615 and, finally, to understand God. 1306 01:30:17,462 --> 01:30:22,589 This lost gospel has appeared to become part of our history, 1307 01:30:22,590 --> 01:30:27,011 to reveal diversity of early Christianity... 1308 01:30:27,012 --> 01:30:30,700 Translated and processed by: MP 1309 01:30:33,700 --> 01:30:37,700 Taken from www.titlovi.com